Autonomous Valhi Implementation Predictions -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Autonomous Valhi Implementation Predictions? Answer: Introduction Self-driving cars or Autonomous cars refers to the unmanned ground vehicles that is capable of sensing the environment along with the navigation without any interference or input from the humans. These type of cars are becoming a concrete reality and is paving the way for the systems of the future, which mainly includes the taking over of the art of driving by the computers. The self-driving cars make use of various techniques to detect the things around its surroundings and this involves things like the radar, laser light, GPS and many more. Self-driving cars works in similar fashion like that of the Intelligence (Brett, 2016). The main reason for using the definition of intelligence is that intelligence is something, which has its existence in the environment and is having a set of sensors for doing the perceptions to achieve a certain goal. At the starting informations are gathered by the use of several sensors, which is followed by processing of the informations to make certain j udgement or decision. Lastly takes action to reach a certain place. There are various potential benefits of the self-driving cars and this include the increase in mobility associated with reduction in the cost of infrastructure. Along with this, there is also an increase in the safety and customer satisfaction. Self-driving cars also decreases the rate of crime, collision of traffics, injuries because of accident and the related costs. The self-driving cars increases the flow of traffic along with enhanced mobility of the childrens, the elderly peoples, the disabled peoples along with reliving the travellers from the chore of driving and navigation. This will lead to low fuel consumption; the need of parking space is also reduced along with facilitating the business models for transport as a service. This report mainly discusses about the basic concept of self-driving cars along with discussing about the various problems associated with this type of cars. The solution for mitigation of all these problems are also provided in this report. The main aim of the report is put emphasis on the concept of the self-driving cars stating the sectors, which are involved into the concept. The main issue, which is discussed in the report, is the issues, which are related to the concept and putting focus on the solutions which can be applied in it to rectify the problem (Anderson et al., 2017). Concept The general algorithm used by self-driving cars is Bayesian Simulation Localization and mapping algorithm or SLAM. This algorithm fuses the various data received from the sensors and an off-line map is used for the estimation of the current location along with updates regarding the map. SLAM associated with the DATMO or Detection and Tracking of other Moving Objects is used for handling various things like the cars or pedestrians (Bojarski et al., 2016). There are also similar systems present in the self-driving cars and this might include things like the roadside real-time locating system to aid the localisation. There are also some typical sensors like the lider, stereo vision, GPS and IMU (Litman, 2014). A machine vision is used by the visual object recognition, which also includes the neural networks. The concept of deep learning or neural networks is also being implemented in the developing concept of self-driving cars. There are many computational stage or levels included in th e deep neural networks. This neuron is simulated from the environment, which are responsible for the activation of the network. The neural network is mainly dependent on the extensive amount of data that is extracted from the events taking place in real life. The activation of neural network takes place along with the learning and performing of the best course of action. The main reason for the implementation of deep learning is to answer different real life situations. This is also used for programming the self-driving cars. Along with these sensors like the LIDAR sensor is already being used in the self-driving cars so as detect objects around the car. Besides this, there is also camera for detecting the condition of the environment. There are 6 levels of driving in the self-driving cars and this are namely Level 0: This is an automated system which provides warnings and intervene is caused shortly but there is no vehicle control in a sustained way. Level 1: In this system the driver as well as the automated control shares a control over the vehicle. One example is automated stearin for parking assistance and manual speed. In this, the driver should be ready for taking control over the full car at any time. Level 2: This level consists of a fully automated system, which takes control over the car. There is a need of monitoring the driving by the driver along with being ready to intervene any time when the automated system fails. Level 3: At this level, the drivers are able to take their eyes off from driving. The vehicles at this level are capable of handling situations in case of emergency. Level 4: Similar to that of level three but there is no need of driver attention ever for the safety of the vehicle. Level 5: At this level, there is no need of any type of human intervention (Howard Dai, 2014). Underlying problem There can be different types of problem when relating to a self-driving car. The problem related to the self-driving cars are explained below: The car would be killing the co passengers to save the pedestrians: The problem in this case is with the programming of the car. In this situation the main problem is that in case of emergency who would the technology save, its own passenger or the pedestrian. This problem is a real world version of the ethical dilemma, which is called the trolley problem. A dilemma directly explores the ethics of killing one-person verses killing several people. One crash is all it takes: ones there is any of the accident related to self-driving car receives many attentions. The risk factor, which are associated with the automated car, will inevitable increase the fear. There are different factors, which could derail the autonomous vehicles through numerous path. The concept of the self-driving car can directly deter the customer, create liability issue; provoke politicians to enact suffocating restrictions in the field. Technology is opaque and hard to understand: The lack of transparency about what concept is put behind self-driving cars will create mistrust relating to the machine. It can be stated in this case that too much of information could directly overwhelm the passengers, which can result in increasing transparency (Yang Coughlin, 2014). Therefore, it is very much important to do some of the research in this field that could directly make the customers fell safe. Similar research in this field relating to the information, which makes the customer more acceptance towards the concept of the self-driving cars. The concept of the self-driving car should be clear towards the common people. Assistance related to psychology or manipulation: In the manipulation world, everything can be manipulated. Experts in this field have stated that human being can be manipulated to be and think according to need. If a driverless car is programmed in a way, which can be manipulated for an accident, it can be big problem (Hne et al., 2017). Addressing the problem The main problem, which is seen in the sector of the driverless cars, is the technology, which is used in the cars. There are many things or technological aspects, which are involved into the concept like the sensors, which help in detecting the environment, the maps which have the cars ton move from one location to another and the main aspect is the aspect of the communication. The communication aspect is important, as it tends to create a sort of involvement between different cars on the road as well as creating a communication with the flow of the traffic lights. The concept of the hackers can also play a role in this aspect. The driverless cars are basically programmed car which are used for the purpose of moving from one point to another. If the hackers re-program the cars in order to do some sort of unethical practice it can be very much fatal (Yang Coughlin, 2014). Hacking can be considered as one of the important factors in field of any technological aspects. Hackers always tend to sneak into system which have some of fault involved into it and which can create harm to normal people. Solution to the problem In every software or technology, there are always scope of improvement. Improvement can be implemented in different way depending upon the sectors of improvement. The sector of the self-driving cars can achieve different types of improvements, which can make the people fell safe about the concept. In recent times technology should be incorporated in a way which makes the life of the people more easy and safe. The following solutions relating to the self-driving cars can make the technology more safe and user friendly. Solution 1: Better Software It can be noted that none of the softwares in the phones, laptop or modern system is designed to operate for an extended period without crashing, freezing or dropping a call. If similar types of error occur in the concept of self-driving car it can be fatal. In present situation Google self-Driving car, avoid the software failure by having a backup driver and a second person whose main job is the monitoring. The system can be shut down anytime when there is possibility of any glitch in the system. In this context, it can be stated that a safe software must be incorporate so that the technology can be considered safe. Solution 2: Better Sensor A self- driving car should be able to judge between a harmless situation and a dangerous situation. If this is not taken into consideration, the car could be always applying the brakes without any proper reason. The cars should be able to judge in sufficient amount of time that whether a pedestrian is going to cross the road or not or whether a bike is going to swerve left. The human being are able to sense this problem but the concept of the self-driving cars are not able to judge the situations. The sensors should be built in a way, which can detect and react accordingly. Solution 3: Better Maps The Google self-driving car operate in the roads seamlessly due to the reason that the company has created some sort of street view on steroids which is a kind of virtual map of the town. This implementation makes the cars know how the street actually looks like when it is empty and only have to fill in objects such as cars and the pedestrians. On the other hand, it can be stated that the drivels cars with the current sensors would not be able to operate in some of smooth manner. Solution 4: Ethical Robot The ethical issue with the cars are the main concern in this sector. Sometimes a driver of the car have to decide either to drive to the left or to the right for instance. In this way, it can injure three people in a truck or potentially kill more people in this process. These type of ethical dilemmas would require the software in the self-driving car to be weight all the different outcomes and finally decide what action should be taken in those type of situations. A machine, which would be able to decide this, would be unprecedented in the history of human being. In this context experts states that there are always an expert human being who decide what has to be done in each situation, which makes the concept safe. Even the drones, which are automated in the war, use the guidance of human being in order to strike the exact location (Kyriakidis, Happee de Winter, 2015). The decisions, which are made by the cars, should be very much quickly and must be right due to the factor that it would be a factor of risk if wrong decisions were made at that time. The software should be very much updated with security aspects involved into it. Solution 5: Better Communication Better communication in any type of software can be stated to be very much essential. In the concept of the driver less cars, it is very much important to produce some sort of communication between other cars in the road. In many of the situation, these cars should be able to very much flexible so that they can adjust with the position of other cars. The concept of the changing the direction and communicating with other driverless cars should be created which would be making the concept very much safe and can be used by the common people. The communication with the traffic signals should also be created which can avoid accident scenario on the roads. The concept should ensure the safety of the passengers as well as the pedestrians by means of creating a approach of better communication (Thierer Hagemann, 2015). Solution 6: Limited hacking All over the world, the concept of hacking is playing a dominating role, which directly involve auspicious activity, which tend to divert the normal form of human life. The hackers would always try to loop into system in which they can gain advantage. There should be installation of some type of anti-hacking software, which can make the system free from the activities of the hackers. This would not only protect the concept but also make the technology safer and readily accepted by the people in the society for their daily use. (Kyriakidis, Happee de Winter, 2015). Conclusion The report helps in concluding that autonomous or self-driving cars are the future of the vehicles. These cars are built with various sensors for gaining knowledge about the environment along with helping in navigation of the cars. The sensors are also used for avoiding collisions. Augment reality is the basic concept that is used by this type of cars, which means that they are having the capability of using a range of technology. This helps the drivers in getting informations in a new and innovative way. There is also a risk that problem might arise in the existing auto insurance and the controls in traffic that are being used for the cars that are controlled by the humans. Autonomous vehicles will be bringing a revolution in the mobility as well as the inevitable car insurance. However, the pace of changing cannot be predicted. The report also helps in the identification of various problems and along with these, various solutions have been provided in this report for eliminating th ose problems. The problem area being vast should be focused in an appropriate way so that if the changes are not implemented it could lead to grater problem. References Anderson, C., Vasudevan, R., Johnson-Roberson, M. (2017). Failing to Learn: Autonomously Identifying Perception Failures for Self-driving Cars.arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.00051 Bojarski, M., Del Testa, D., Dworakowski, D., Firner, B., Flepp, B., Goyal, P., ... Zhang, X. (2016). 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