Essay on Future Societies - 1617 Words

Future Societies No body knows what the future is going to be like. The future is an unsolved mystery that can never be unleashed. People will never be able to live in the future because the catch is once people live in the future, the future becomes the present. Even though no one knows what the future is going to be like, people like to write about this unsolved mystery because there is no right or wrong answer to what the future is going to be like. Both the novel, The Lathe of Heaven, and the movie, The Matrix, focus on the future. The writers and creators of these works not only suggest what life could be like in the future with similarities and differences, but they also add what life is like today in order to make the stories†¦show more content†¦In the novel the three main characters are Manny, George, and the girl he likes, Miss Leache. In the movie the trio is Morphius, Neo, and the girl he likes, Trinity. These characters are very similar to each other because they depend on each other. The anti-agent in the novel is Dr. Habor, and in the movie the anti-agent is Agent Smith. These anti-agents try and distract the main characters, either Neo or George, with what they are trying to achieve. They make the main characters lives more challenging. Other than the fact that The Matrix is a movie and The Lathe of Heaven is a book, there are aspects which are different between the two works. For instance, in The Matrix there are only two worlds. These worlds are the matrix and the real world. Not too many people know about the real world because they are stuck in the matrix. In the movie these two worlds stay consistent. The matrix is always the computer system where people have the same day to day routines, and the real world is always destroyed and run by machines. On the other hand, in the novel there are always new worlds. The characters never go back to a world which they have already lived in. Every time George dreams, a new world is created. These worlds are un known until he wakes up and sees what he has done to the previous world. George is the only one aware of these changes while in the movie the people who are not plugged in the system all know what is going on. The worlds in the novelShow MoreRelatedHow Important Is a Sense of History in Shaping the Future of Singapores Society?1558 Words   |  7 PagesQns 6. How important is a sense of history in shaping the future of Singapores society? Singapore is without a doubt, a diversified nation with many different cultures and races. Contrary to the popular belief of difference leading to antagonism, Singapore is perhaps one of the few countries globally to welcome people despite their variable backgrounds and still remain collectively competitive. Indeed, credit is due to Singapores society past or present, had been seen to be shaped with a strongRead MoreThe Future Farmers Of Society1576 Words   |  7 PagesFuture Farmers of Society Have you ever thought or asked yourself, do you want to eat? Do you want to grow your own food while working another job? The faction, Dukes, as the future farmers of society do these things in our faction. After the Ebola virus hit the air our faction (Dukes) decided to be the caring and the giving ones. The responsibilities for the society, are to take care of animals, grow food and herbs, and hunt for food. In doing so, by us fulfilling our responsibilities, people willRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography for Samsungs Outlook Essay923 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom hardware to software. By doing so, people that are into technology are going to be more interested in the products. 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This way they can help progress society as a whole, and advance further together into the future. Having the future citizens of the world have a higher sense of thinking can aid them in their decisions more moral; assist them in determining what is right and wrong. Stu dents will need to learn how to be more open minded and able to share knowledge amongstRead MoreThe Future of Books in Todays Society Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagesinnovation is causing many to debate whether E-books are a burden or a blessing on society. The movement from the oral tradition to the printed words was one of the biggest advancements of all times, the question remains if the movement from printed words to E-books is as revolutionary. 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The Religious principles also have an effect on views and the entire debate about abortion. The purpose of this paper is to show the impact of abortion on the society’s future. Abortion can kill potential genius In various debates, arguments are made for abortion due to the moral view of an induced abortion. Many states have passed laws to cap the number of induced abortion. Debates pertaining abortion laws are usuallyRead MoreThe Culture of Fear and Its Effects on Society Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesThe Culture of Fear and its Effects on Society Min Kim Fear and the marketing of paranoia and uncertainty have become daily staples in today’s culture. Every day there arise new threats to national security manufactured by politicians and fuelled by the public’s demand to be protected from these imaginary bogeymen. With the vast increases in technology our society has experienced in the past forty years the news media have become an especially effective orator of impending doom, the daily exposà ©s

What Happened During The Selection Interview - 2561 Words

In this assignment I am going to explain what happened during the selection interview for this task a set of questions were prepared before to ask the potential candidates for the job role (retail supervisor) which was being advertised, in my role as the interviewee I asked a couple of questions while as the interviewer I asked a couple of the questions that were set by the group that I was in. Preparation for the interview There were some documents that had to be prepared individually and these were: Job description = A job description is a wide, general and composed legal announcement of a particular occupation. It mostly incorporates duties, responsibilities, scope and working conditions of a job along with the job’s title as well as the name of the person to whom the employee reports. A job description should contain enough data that represents significant responsibilities or duties as well as key abilities. The document should contain everything about how and what work is performed with the goal that is stays helpful not prevented by minor changes that happen. The document should be revisited and updated yearly. Person specification = The person specification portrays what experience, abilities and capabilities somebody must have the capacity to carry out the occupation and any additional things it would be beneficial for them to have. Characterizing criteria It will take a look at each of the fundamental obligations and obligations from the expected set ofShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Criminal Justice System1500 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation has been in the minority, and has been persecuted for hundreds of years. What Taylor-Thompson is stating is that African-Americans usually hold the minority in court decisions as well, which poses a problem due to the majority overriding their vote. 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The Dahlgren and Whitehead Health Determinants Model †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Dahlgren and Whitehead Health Determinants Model. Answer: Introduction The existence of the inequalities in terms of health in the society where the health is linked to the socioeconomic level has resulted in the growing awareness that most of the issues can be determined by the social factors. In this case, the social, economic and environmental inequalities can determine the risk level of people getting ill, their capability to prevent the illnesses as well as their access to the effective treatment. All these social factors have been described by the scholars using different models but the most widely used is the Dahlgren and Whitehead Health Determinants Rainbow Model (Bryant, et al., 2011). The model thus maps the association between a person, setting, and the health. The individuals are centrally placed and surrounded by different influences on health which comprise the lifestyle of an individual, the influences of the community, working and living conditions among other factors. The framework has therefore assisted the researchers to come up with the various hypotheses regarding health determinants to explore the relative influence of these determinants on various outcomes of health as well as the association between different determinants. Analysis Structure changes, as well as the social organization regarding the causes of diseases over the last century, have changed their focus to various impacts of the health with the concomitant impacts on structure and resourcing structure of the health care. In this case, there have been 3 different stages in the movement of the public health since mid of 19th century to the present time in the western part of Europe regarding industrialization as well as the increasing healthcare and pharmaceutical access (Gibson et al., 2010). Black Report There was a need to take action in England between 1830s and 70s concerning housing and sanitation and the provision of the clean water and food that is adequate. These actions are evident in the national public health act in 1846 and 1875 indicating intervention by the administration through legislation to prevent the spread of diseases among the families living in poverty. Landlord Report Afterwards, it was followed by the understanding of the disease transmission era which is the germ theory. This raised the concentration on specific approaches to prevention which include the use of vaccination and immunization. Also, there was school and community health services which were aimed at supporting children and mothers. The main reason for this was to offer information as well as practical support to facilitate people to assume the responsibility of keeping themselves healthy. This was then followed by the therapeutic era where the discovery of the insulin as well as sulphonamide drugs (McCartney et al., 2010). These drugs could cure almost all the illness regardless of the daily context of the people. However, this was never the final journey as there was a need to clearly understand the social factors that could affect the health of the individual. Public health promotion in the 21st century is a multi-disciplinary activity that ranges from the health and disease surveillance among the populations via the provision of the health information and advice. In this case, disease occurrence takes place in different levels which comprise the action taken by the individual to those that are undertaken by both local and international agencies (Morgan Ziglio, 2010). Further, disease occurrence takes place in different environments such as youth centers, street, hospital setting, workplace, homes or even the nightclubs. Based on the Dahlgren and Whitehead model, there are various social factors that influence health. These include the age sex and the hereditary factors, the lifestyle factors of an individual, the social community networks as well as the general socio-economic, environmental and cultural conditions. Dahlgren and Whitehead's model is a multifactorial approach that differentiates social factors and individual which offers a diagram with layers that can be peeled away. In the core of the diagram is the attributes that can be inherited which comprise the age, hereditary factors, and sex. Also, the inner layer indicates that health is partially determined the by the lifestyle of an individual which include the diet, physical activity as well as patterns of smoking. On the third layer, the model focuses an attention to the association with friends, family as well as other significant factors that are found in the community (Burris, 2011). They are therefore the downstream health determinants which include the actions of the community and the individual. The next layer concentrates on the living and the working conditions. This includes the housing, healthcare services access, employment among other factors (Krumeich Meershoek, 2014). Finally, the outer layer focuses on the wider soci o-economic, environmental and cultural factors which comprise the economic development, political change, welfare system change, structures as well as social forces. In as much as this is not clearly indicated in the diagram, there is a possibility for the interaction between layers. For instance, a reduction in the systems of welfare services could lead to adverse effects which may hinder people getting access to adequate housing hence influencing their health. Sex, gender, and health. It has been believed that sex instead of gender determines the health of the individuals. In this case, in most countries, the life expectancy of men is lower as compared to that of females and the same case is expected to continue (Raphael, 2011). However, in the recent days, the disadvantages on male have become significantly less as compared to before. For instance in Wales and England, between 1970 and 2003, the life expectancy of the male has increased by four years whereas the life expectancy of the women has increased by only three years (Mogford, Gould DeVoght, 2010). Therefore, given the assumption that women are biologically advantaged regarding the life expectancy, this assumption can be challenged. The changes can be attributed to various factors such as the improved healthcare services as a result of improved healthcare re system. Also, many men have been educated on the dangers of different lifestyles which should endanger their lifes hence the ir life expectancy has increased. Inequalities and disparities exist between various groups in the society. The main reason for this inequality is an uneven distribution of the resources specifically based on the allocation norms which favor specific groups of persons. The difference in allocation of the resources in the society is brought about by the factors such as sexual orientation, kinship, age, ethnicity, health care, the source of wealth, political representation, education as well as the freedom of speech among other factors (Baum et al., 2013). The social inequality that is associated with the economic inequality is based on the unequal distribution of the wealth and income. In as much as economics and sociology use varied terms theoretical techniques to assess and describe the economic inequality, both fields are more concerned with the understanding of this issue. Due to the uneven distribution of the resources in the society, it leads to some people having more resources while others having none or less. This creates a scenario of social class within a society where those that are favored in terms of resource distribution are prioritized in terms of service delivery as compared to those that are resource poor. Social inequality is fashioned by various factors that are structural which comprise the geographical location or the status of the population which is mainly underpinned by cultural identities and discourses (Embrett Randall, 2014). For instance whether the poor are undeserving or deserving. In societies that are simple, those people that have few social responsibilities as well as statuses that are occupied by its members, they could be lower social inequality and vice versa. However, in the societies that are tribal, the head of the tribe may enjoy some privileges, use some instruments where others do not have. This causes social inequality. Another reason that has led to the social disparity and inequality in the society is the increased complexity of the society. In this case, when the population lives in the complex societies rather than the simple societies, the level of inequality tends to increase in line with the increasing gap between the wealthy and the poor members of t he society. The number of the older adults that utilizes health care services are more as compared to the younger populations. In as much as the number of the older adults differs widely concerning the status of health, most of them have at least one chronic condition which necessitates them to seek medical attention (Beltran, et al., 2011). Further, the older adults differ regarding the demographic features which result in variation in their needs for using the health services (Townsend Foster, 2013). The projection for the utilization of the healthcare services such as Medicaid and Medicare suffers a limitation though the overall projections show that the health care service demand among the older adults will significantly rise in the coming years. This will, therefore, put more pressure on the healthcare services such as Medicaid and the Medicare budgets as well as the capability of the healthcare workers to deliver those services. Averagely, the older adults visit offices of the physicians twice more than people below 65 years every year. The reason for the frequent visit of the older adults is the fact that most of them have chronic conditions or for pre or post-surgery visit which is not the case with the younger population. However, the older adults are less likely to seek preventative care as compared to the young adults (Potvin, 2012). Some of the chronic conditions that affect the older adults and make them regular users of the healthcare services include hypertension, diabetes, cancer, heart disease and joint problems. Most of them, therefore, tend to seek medical attention form the health care providers. Due to these visits, it helps in the improvement of the health outcome of the older adults since the healthcare services offer them the best opportunity to find appropriate care form different healthcare facilities. The older adults are particularly vulnerable as they move between different types of care. Since there is no proper coordination among the healthcare providers in different environments, this can lead to the care fragmentation which therefore places the older adults at high risk for duplication or absence of the required services that would address the condition at hand. The vulnerability also increases due to stress which is due to the movement from one facility to another in search of the care (Koh et al., 2010). The changes in medication as a result of facility change lead to adverse effects of drugs which will lead the transition of care form the hospital setting to the long-term care setting such as the nursing home or the private home settings (Barton Grant, 2013). Also, there are instances of incomplete procedure during discharge from the hospitals which may be associated with the re-hospitalization that is unnecessary (Jinks, Ong O'Neill, 2010). Further, this kind of care f ragmentation may be due to the poor coordination between the care providers who care for the older adults in different environmental settings hence increasing the failure to meet the standards of care quality. The health care services have ensured that the older adults have access to wide variety of healthcare services. This includes the provision of the appropriate drugs that help in treating their chronic conditions. In this case, the medical services foot out some bills for the older adults who consume most of the over the counter medications. Some of these medications that are widely used by the older adults include the anti-hypertension, drugs for cholesterol control, pain relief and drugs for the control and treatment of the heart diseases. Some of this medication have become cheaper to the older adults since the costs are shared with the healthcare services hence can better improve their health outcomes (Sheiham et al., 2011). However, the availability of the drugs over the counter has increased resistance in various diseases such as bacterial which have increased the risk of the older adults but the adverse effects are outweighed by the significance of the healthcare services. Ther efore, healthcare services have helped to improve the health quality of the older adults. Conclusion The existence of the health inequalities are unfair practices and avoidable in health status between groups of communities and individuals. The health of individuals are determined by our lifestyle, genetics, the care we receive as well as the wider determinants. These are also influenced by our social, physical as well as environment comprising employment, education as depicted by Dahlgren and Whitehead model. With the clear understanding of the relationships between all these social factors, it assists the healthcare professionals on their perspective regarding illnesses, health as well as the causes of what makes people ill or well which finally impact on the kind of treatment. References Barton, H., Grant, M. (2013). Urban planning for healthy cities.Journal of Urban Health,90(1), 129-141. Baum, F. E., Laris, P., Fisher, M., Newman, L., MacDougall, C. (2013). Never mind the logic, give me the numbers: Former Australian health ministers' perspectives on the social determinants of health.Social Science Medicine,87, 138-146. Beltran, V. M., Harrison, K. M., Hall, H. I., Dean, H. D. (2011). Collection of social determinant of health measures in US national surveillance systems for HIV, viral hepatitis, STDs, and TB.Public Health Reports,126(3_suppl), 41-53. Bryant, T., Raphael, D., Schrecker, T., Labonte, R. (2011). Canada: A land of missed opportunity for addressing the social determinants of health.Health Policy,101(1), 44-58. Burris, S. (2011). Law in a social determinants strategy: a public health law research perspective.Public health reports,126(3_suppl), 22-27. Embrett, M. G., Randall, G. E. (2014). Social determinants of health and health equity policy research: exploring the use, misuse, and nonuse of policy analysis theory.Social Science Medicine,108, 147-155. Gibson, M., Petticrew, M., Bambra, C., Sowden, A. J., Wright, K. E., Whitehead, M. (2011). Housing and health inequalities: a synthesis of systematic reviews of interventions aimed at different pathways linking housing and health.Health place,17(1), 175-184. Jinks, C., Ong, B. N., O'Neill, T. (2010). " Well, it's nobody's responsibility but my own." A qualitative study to explore views about the determinants of health and prevention of knee pain in older adults.BMC Public Health,10(1), 148. Knol, A. B., Briggs, D. J., Lebret, E. (2010). Assessment of complex environmental health problems: Framing the structures and structuring the frameworks.Science of the Total Environment,408(14), 2785-2794. Koh, H. K., Oppenheimer, S. C., Massin-Short, S. B., Emmons, K. M., Geller, A. C., Viswanath, K. (2010). Translating research evidence into practice to reduce health disparities: a social determinants approach.American journal of public health,100(S1), S72-S80. Krumeich, A., Meershoek, A. (2014). Health in global context; beyond the social determinants of health?.Global health action,7(1), 23506. McCartney, G., Thomas, S., Thomson, H., Scott, J., Hamilton, V., Hanlon, P., ... Bond, L. (2010). The health and socioeconomic impacts of major multi-sport events: systematic review (1978-2008).BMj,340, c2369. Mogford, E., Gould, L., DeVoght, A. (2010). Teaching critical health literacy in the US as a means to action on the social determinants of health.Health Promotion International,26(1), 4-13. Morgan, A., Ziglio, E. (2010). Revitalising the public health evidence base: An asset model. InHealth assets in a global context(pp. 3-16). Springer New York. Potvin, L. (2012). Intersectoral action for health: more research is needed!. Raphael, D. (2011). A discourse analysis of the social determinants of health.Critical Public Health,21(2), 221-236. Sheiham, A., Alexander, D., Cohen, L., Marinho, V., Moyss, S., Petersen, P. E., Weyant, R. (2011). Global oral health inequalities: task groupimplementation and delivery of oral health strategies.Advances in Dental Research,23(2), 259-267. Townsend, N., Foster, C. (2013). Developing and applying a socio-ecological model to the promotion of healthy eating in the school.Public health nutrition,16(6), 1101-1108.

Autonomous Valhi Implementation Predictions -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Autonomous Valhi Implementation Predictions? Answer: Introduction Self-driving cars or Autonomous cars refers to the unmanned ground vehicles that is capable of sensing the environment along with the navigation without any interference or input from the humans. These type of cars are becoming a concrete reality and is paving the way for the systems of the future, which mainly includes the taking over of the art of driving by the computers. The self-driving cars make use of various techniques to detect the things around its surroundings and this involves things like the radar, laser light, GPS and many more. Self-driving cars works in similar fashion like that of the Intelligence (Brett, 2016). The main reason for using the definition of intelligence is that intelligence is something, which has its existence in the environment and is having a set of sensors for doing the perceptions to achieve a certain goal. At the starting informations are gathered by the use of several sensors, which is followed by processing of the informations to make certain j udgement or decision. Lastly takes action to reach a certain place. There are various potential benefits of the self-driving cars and this include the increase in mobility associated with reduction in the cost of infrastructure. Along with this, there is also an increase in the safety and customer satisfaction. Self-driving cars also decreases the rate of crime, collision of traffics, injuries because of accident and the related costs. The self-driving cars increases the flow of traffic along with enhanced mobility of the childrens, the elderly peoples, the disabled peoples along with reliving the travellers from the chore of driving and navigation. This will lead to low fuel consumption; the need of parking space is also reduced along with facilitating the business models for transport as a service. This report mainly discusses about the basic concept of self-driving cars along with discussing about the various problems associated with this type of cars. The solution for mitigation of all these problems are also provided in this report. The main aim of the report is put emphasis on the concept of the self-driving cars stating the sectors, which are involved into the concept. The main issue, which is discussed in the report, is the issues, which are related to the concept and putting focus on the solutions which can be applied in it to rectify the problem (Anderson et al., 2017). Concept The general algorithm used by self-driving cars is Bayesian Simulation Localization and mapping algorithm or SLAM. This algorithm fuses the various data received from the sensors and an off-line map is used for the estimation of the current location along with updates regarding the map. SLAM associated with the DATMO or Detection and Tracking of other Moving Objects is used for handling various things like the cars or pedestrians (Bojarski et al., 2016). There are also similar systems present in the self-driving cars and this might include things like the roadside real-time locating system to aid the localisation. There are also some typical sensors like the lider, stereo vision, GPS and IMU (Litman, 2014). A machine vision is used by the visual object recognition, which also includes the neural networks. The concept of deep learning or neural networks is also being implemented in the developing concept of self-driving cars. There are many computational stage or levels included in th e deep neural networks. This neuron is simulated from the environment, which are responsible for the activation of the network. The neural network is mainly dependent on the extensive amount of data that is extracted from the events taking place in real life. The activation of neural network takes place along with the learning and performing of the best course of action. The main reason for the implementation of deep learning is to answer different real life situations. This is also used for programming the self-driving cars. Along with these sensors like the LIDAR sensor is already being used in the self-driving cars so as detect objects around the car. Besides this, there is also camera for detecting the condition of the environment. There are 6 levels of driving in the self-driving cars and this are namely Level 0: This is an automated system which provides warnings and intervene is caused shortly but there is no vehicle control in a sustained way. Level 1: In this system the driver as well as the automated control shares a control over the vehicle. One example is automated stearin for parking assistance and manual speed. In this, the driver should be ready for taking control over the full car at any time. Level 2: This level consists of a fully automated system, which takes control over the car. There is a need of monitoring the driving by the driver along with being ready to intervene any time when the automated system fails. Level 3: At this level, the drivers are able to take their eyes off from driving. The vehicles at this level are capable of handling situations in case of emergency. Level 4: Similar to that of level three but there is no need of driver attention ever for the safety of the vehicle. Level 5: At this level, there is no need of any type of human intervention (Howard Dai, 2014). Underlying problem There can be different types of problem when relating to a self-driving car. The problem related to the self-driving cars are explained below: The car would be killing the co passengers to save the pedestrians: The problem in this case is with the programming of the car. In this situation the main problem is that in case of emergency who would the technology save, its own passenger or the pedestrian. This problem is a real world version of the ethical dilemma, which is called the trolley problem. A dilemma directly explores the ethics of killing one-person verses killing several people. One crash is all it takes: ones there is any of the accident related to self-driving car receives many attentions. The risk factor, which are associated with the automated car, will inevitable increase the fear. There are different factors, which could derail the autonomous vehicles through numerous path. The concept of the self-driving car can directly deter the customer, create liability issue; provoke politicians to enact suffocating restrictions in the field. Technology is opaque and hard to understand: The lack of transparency about what concept is put behind self-driving cars will create mistrust relating to the machine. It can be stated in this case that too much of information could directly overwhelm the passengers, which can result in increasing transparency (Yang Coughlin, 2014). Therefore, it is very much important to do some of the research in this field that could directly make the customers fell safe. Similar research in this field relating to the information, which makes the customer more acceptance towards the concept of the self-driving cars. The concept of the self-driving car should be clear towards the common people. Assistance related to psychology or manipulation: In the manipulation world, everything can be manipulated. Experts in this field have stated that human being can be manipulated to be and think according to need. If a driverless car is programmed in a way, which can be manipulated for an accident, it can be big problem (Hne et al., 2017). Addressing the problem The main problem, which is seen in the sector of the driverless cars, is the technology, which is used in the cars. There are many things or technological aspects, which are involved into the concept like the sensors, which help in detecting the environment, the maps which have the cars ton move from one location to another and the main aspect is the aspect of the communication. The communication aspect is important, as it tends to create a sort of involvement between different cars on the road as well as creating a communication with the flow of the traffic lights. The concept of the hackers can also play a role in this aspect. The driverless cars are basically programmed car which are used for the purpose of moving from one point to another. If the hackers re-program the cars in order to do some sort of unethical practice it can be very much fatal (Yang Coughlin, 2014). Hacking can be considered as one of the important factors in field of any technological aspects. Hackers always tend to sneak into system which have some of fault involved into it and which can create harm to normal people. Solution to the problem In every software or technology, there are always scope of improvement. Improvement can be implemented in different way depending upon the sectors of improvement. The sector of the self-driving cars can achieve different types of improvements, which can make the people fell safe about the concept. In recent times technology should be incorporated in a way which makes the life of the people more easy and safe. The following solutions relating to the self-driving cars can make the technology more safe and user friendly. Solution 1: Better Software It can be noted that none of the softwares in the phones, laptop or modern system is designed to operate for an extended period without crashing, freezing or dropping a call. If similar types of error occur in the concept of self-driving car it can be fatal. In present situation Google self-Driving car, avoid the software failure by having a backup driver and a second person whose main job is the monitoring. The system can be shut down anytime when there is possibility of any glitch in the system. In this context, it can be stated that a safe software must be incorporate so that the technology can be considered safe. Solution 2: Better Sensor A self- driving car should be able to judge between a harmless situation and a dangerous situation. If this is not taken into consideration, the car could be always applying the brakes without any proper reason. The cars should be able to judge in sufficient amount of time that whether a pedestrian is going to cross the road or not or whether a bike is going to swerve left. The human being are able to sense this problem but the concept of the self-driving cars are not able to judge the situations. The sensors should be built in a way, which can detect and react accordingly. Solution 3: Better Maps The Google self-driving car operate in the roads seamlessly due to the reason that the company has created some sort of street view on steroids which is a kind of virtual map of the town. This implementation makes the cars know how the street actually looks like when it is empty and only have to fill in objects such as cars and the pedestrians. On the other hand, it can be stated that the drivels cars with the current sensors would not be able to operate in some of smooth manner. Solution 4: Ethical Robot The ethical issue with the cars are the main concern in this sector. Sometimes a driver of the car have to decide either to drive to the left or to the right for instance. In this way, it can injure three people in a truck or potentially kill more people in this process. These type of ethical dilemmas would require the software in the self-driving car to be weight all the different outcomes and finally decide what action should be taken in those type of situations. A machine, which would be able to decide this, would be unprecedented in the history of human being. In this context experts states that there are always an expert human being who decide what has to be done in each situation, which makes the concept safe. Even the drones, which are automated in the war, use the guidance of human being in order to strike the exact location (Kyriakidis, Happee de Winter, 2015). The decisions, which are made by the cars, should be very much quickly and must be right due to the factor that it would be a factor of risk if wrong decisions were made at that time. The software should be very much updated with security aspects involved into it. Solution 5: Better Communication Better communication in any type of software can be stated to be very much essential. In the concept of the driver less cars, it is very much important to produce some sort of communication between other cars in the road. In many of the situation, these cars should be able to very much flexible so that they can adjust with the position of other cars. The concept of the changing the direction and communicating with other driverless cars should be created which would be making the concept very much safe and can be used by the common people. The communication with the traffic signals should also be created which can avoid accident scenario on the roads. The concept should ensure the safety of the passengers as well as the pedestrians by means of creating a approach of better communication (Thierer Hagemann, 2015). Solution 6: Limited hacking All over the world, the concept of hacking is playing a dominating role, which directly involve auspicious activity, which tend to divert the normal form of human life. The hackers would always try to loop into system in which they can gain advantage. There should be installation of some type of anti-hacking software, which can make the system free from the activities of the hackers. This would not only protect the concept but also make the technology safer and readily accepted by the people in the society for their daily use. (Kyriakidis, Happee de Winter, 2015). Conclusion The report helps in concluding that autonomous or self-driving cars are the future of the vehicles. These cars are built with various sensors for gaining knowledge about the environment along with helping in navigation of the cars. The sensors are also used for avoiding collisions. Augment reality is the basic concept that is used by this type of cars, which means that they are having the capability of using a range of technology. This helps the drivers in getting informations in a new and innovative way. There is also a risk that problem might arise in the existing auto insurance and the controls in traffic that are being used for the cars that are controlled by the humans. Autonomous vehicles will be bringing a revolution in the mobility as well as the inevitable car insurance. However, the pace of changing cannot be predicted. The report also helps in the identification of various problems and along with these, various solutions have been provided in this report for eliminating th ose problems. The problem area being vast should be focused in an appropriate way so that if the changes are not implemented it could lead to grater problem. References Anderson, C., Vasudevan, R., Johnson-Roberson, M. (2017). Failing to Learn: Autonomously Identifying Perception Failures for Self-driving Cars.arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.00051 Bojarski, M., Del Testa, D., Dworakowski, D., Firner, B., Flepp, B., Goyal, P., ... Zhang, X. (2016). End to end learning for self-driving cars.arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.07316. Brett, J. A. (2016).Thinking Local about Self-Driving Cars: A Local Framework for Autonomous Vehicle Development in the United States(Doctoral dissertation). De Winter, J. C., Happee, R., Martens, M. H., Stanton, N. A. (2014). Effects of adaptive cruise control and highly automated driving on workload and situation awareness: A review of the empirical evidence.Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour,27, 196-217. Goodrich, J. (2013). Driving miss daisy: an autonomous chauffeur system.Browser Download This Paper. Hne, C., Heng, L., Lee, G. H., Fraundorfer, F., Furgale, P., Sattler, T., Pollefeys, M. (2017). 3D visual perception for self-driving cars using a multi-camera system: Calibration, mapping, localization, and obstacle detection.Image and Vision Computing,68, 14-27. Hne, C., Sattler, T., Pollefeys, M. (2015, September). Obstacle detection for self-driving cars using only monocular cameras and wheel odometry. InIntelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on(pp. 5101-5108). IEEE. Howard, D., Dai, D. (2014). Public perceptions of self-driving cars: The case of Berkeley, California. InTransportation Research Board 93rd Annual Meeting(Vol. 14, No. 4502). Kyriakidis, M., Happee, R., de Winter, J. C. (2015). Public opinion on automated driving: Results of an international questionnaire among 5000 respondents.Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour,32, 127-140. Lin, P. (2016). Why ethics matters for autonomous cars. InAutonomous Driving(pp. 69-85). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Litman, T. (2014). Autonomous vehicle implementation predictions.Victoria Transport Policy Institute,28. Mladenovic, M. N., McPherson, T. (2016). Engineering social justice into traffic control for self-driving vehicles?.Science and engineering ethics,22(4), 1131-1149. Thierer, A., Hagemann, R. (2015). Removing roadblocks to intelligent vehicles and driverless cars.Wake Forest JL Pol'y,5, 339. Weinberg, B. D., Milne, G. R., Andonova, Y. G., Hajjat, F. M. (2015). Internet of Things: Convenience vs. privacy and secrecy.Business Horizons,58(6), 615-624. Yang, J., Coughlin, J. F. (2014). In-vehicle technology for self-driving cars: Advantages and challenges for aging drivers.International Journal of Automotive Technology,15(2), 333-340.

America in the 20th Century essays

America in the 20th Century essays The Spanish-American War led America into the modern era. When President Teddy Roosevelt left the White House to lead the charge on San Juan Hill, it was a dramatic moment. The Spanish American War victory gave America possession of Cuba, the Philippines, Panama and the Virgin Islands. Once in control of Panama, the Americans began to build their canal. It took about ten years to build, but it was worth it because they got much money from the canal traffic. After Woodrow Wilson became President, war broke out in Europe. They called it World War I at the time. America immediately joined in and helped the Allies defeat the Axis powers. The incredible economic benefits of the war effort led America into the Roaring 20s. President Calvin Coolidge presided over a decade of peace in America. He was defeated in 1928 by Republican Herbert Hoover, who immediately ended the prosperity and caused the Great Depression. The Stock Market Crash of 1928 was a very sad event which led to the closing of all stocks and banks. Americans knew it was time to elect a bold leader. Franklin David Roosevelt, or FDR, was America's savior. Elected in 1933, Roosevelt quickly institued various reforms to help stimulate the sagging economy. For example, he made Social Security that helped old people get money after they retired. He also instituted IRS, or Internal Revenue Service. What really stimulated the economy, ironically, was World War II. At first we didn't want to join the war, but Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in 1942 so we had very little choice. FDR called it "a day which will live in infomy." With General Dwight D. Eisenhower in command of the allied Forces, we were able to launch a surprise on D-Day, which was so named because of Eisenhower's initials. Swiftly winning the war, Americans entered the 50s. The 50s were an era of Rock n Roll. Elvis Pressly, a famous rock star, became popular among teenage girls. There was great p...

Arthur Miller’s “The Crucible” Essay Essay Example

Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† Essay Essay Example Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† Essay Essay Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† Essay Essay Unfair Justice Systems ; A comparing of the West Memphis Three and The CrucibleImagine posing at place one dark and holding constabulary officers show up at your hosiery and apprehension you for a offense you had no thought was committed. Three teenage male childs in West Memphis. Arkansas and over 39 characters in The Crucible went through precisely that. The West Memphis three is the test of three teenage male childs who were charged with killing two eight-year-old oys in the forests and taking a hatred group. The test portrayed in The Crucible are based on the existent life Salem Witch Trials. the accused in the drama were charged with witchery. Evidence in both instances was deficient and largely oculus witnessed. Both offenses committed were abstract and referred to as the Satans work. All accused in both tests were doomed from the beginning. In The Crucible to salvage oneself if accused 1 must squeal to something they didnt do and so name people that did make it. fundamentally if they wanted to populate thy had to lie and impeach other guiltless people. The West Memphis three had to travel through the tribunal system with corrupt people lying and no manner to turn out themselves guiltless. Arthur Miller portrayed the grounds in The Crucible as merely oculus witness histories and junior-grade concluding. such as the ability to forge a swoon. The characters that danced in the forests were considered dependable and what they said was all that was needed to convict the people of witchery. In the existent life histories of the West Memphis three. the grounds used against the adolescents were black Metallica shirts. the confession that didnt fit the incident. and equals that told the constabulary that they overheard one of the adolescents say they were traveling to kill two male childs. The equals narrative subsequently changed when under curse but the justice reffered back to the first narrative to assist convict the accused. In both instances the accusers could non counter argue the grounds because it was their word against the informants. Before the West Memphis trials the constabulary had a confession from all three teenage male childs. T was used against them in tribunal. The ground for the confession. some argue. is a status called Satanic Panic. Person who has Satanic Panic creates false memories that place themselves at the scene of the offense they were accused of. The offense usually is devil related. for illustration colza. thaumaturgy. and jujus are all known as the work of the Satan. Peoples who are diagnosed with Satanic Panic are usually besides diagnosed with Multiple Personality Disorder. The enchantresss in The Crucible were charged with harming others with thaumaturgy. They had to squeal themselves to maintain themselves from being hanged. This is an illustration of how Demonic Panic is described. When Mary Warren says. Its non a fast one! I-I used to conk because I-I thought I saw liquors. ( miller 47 ) she is depicting Hysteria. or Satanic Panic ; she created the liquors because the other misss saw t he. In The Crucible Hale. an expert in the country of witchery. played a big function in the courtroom. In the test of the adolescents there was a physician who was an expert in the country of stanic terror. Bing experts in such countries are difficult to turn out. the physician of demonic terror did non hold a grade or any cogent evidence that he studied such a topic. He simply stated that he has worked with patients claiming to make things because the Satan told them to. In the drama Hale merely forces people to squeal to salvage their lives. which is non the work of a physician but more of a inducer. Both work forces subsequently on reviewed the instance. the accused. and the grounds and wanted to salvage the guiltless people. Hale describes his alteration of sentiment by stating. Let you non misidentify your responsibility as I mistook my ain. ( miller 58 ) THey besides were unsuccessful. Both offenses are abstract. significance that there is no grounds attainable for a merely strong belief. but both offenses have serious effects. In The Crucible the people who denied being a enchantress were sentenced to be hanged. Two of the adolescents were sentenced to be hanged. Two of the adolescents were sentenced to life in prison and the last was sentenced to decease by injection. Is that just? The adolescents still had a full life in forepart of them but because they were used as whipping boies. it was cut short. Can you name a justness system that convicts people for such offenses merely? The 1994 instance of the West Memphis three and the 1953 play The Crucible have similarities. Abstract strong beliefs. false accusals. and unfair executings are all portion of both tests. Neither history is something to be proud of. nor should such times be repeated. When you look at such similar occures. which are separated by four decennaries. you begin to inquire if worlds truly learn from their errors. Jessie Misskelley. Damien Echols. and Jason Baldwin. the West Memphis three. are sitting in gaol ; they have been at that place for 5220 yearss and expecting their decease. Spreading cognition of this horrid instance and raising support could assist acquire them and appeal and salvage three guiltless people.

Business Communication skills Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Communication skills - Research Paper Example According to Evans et al (1998, Pp. 53) â€Å"The most English-medium communications in business are non-native speaker to non-native speaker (NNS - NNS) and the English they use is International English†. Thus, it is extremely essential to impart proper training to non native speakers in Business English (which is different than General English) in order to facilitate smoother business relations and participate in international business ventures on account of their English speaking skills. Although it is difficult to define the term Business English Pickett, (1986, Pp. 16) states that business English communication has several facets one of them being the fact that it is "lot nearer to the everyday language spoken by the general public than many other segments of ESP† Despite its importance and growing popularity, Business English communication still remains a largely ignored area, in the sense that it still lacks proper structured and professional courses which imparts training and education to adults. There is an urgent need for a well recognized universal foundation of business language similar to one observed in academic English communication, which is much more organized with a comparatively well-accepted semi technical lexis and grammar which is an inevitable aspect of the EST textbooks (Bates, Dudley-Evans, 1976; Donovan, 1978; Allen, Widdowson, 1974). However, Pickett (1989, Pp.6) believes that the very nature of Business English as a "mediating language between the technicalities of particular businesses and the language of the general public" (Pickett 1989, Pp.6) which suggests that there cannot be a simply definable structure of lexis and grammar which strives to differentiate Business English from other forms such as English for Gener al purposes or academic purposes. Oral communication at the workplace - which includes formal

New American Vision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New American Vision - Essay Example For many modern day individuals, those of whom will have grown accustomed to the present state of the market and the working world, it can become quite easy to forget the earlier days of how things such as cars and utilitarian items, would have been produced. A classic example of the evolution of production, would have been the assembly line perfected by automaker Henry Ford. Due to his creative thinking, American consumers were able to possess the opportunity to have an automobile at the fraction of the time it would have taken prior. In this case, "The Industrial Revolution was a transformation of human life circumstances that occurred in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (roughly 1760 to 1840) in Britain, the United States, and Western Europe due in large measure to advances in the technologies of industry," ("Industrial Revolution", p.1). It would be this revolution, that would lead to changes in production measures that would result in a shift in the modern work force. Where previously the workforce had been predominately individuals themselves, it would now become a scenario in which machines would be able to alleviate a level of the strain, so that it would be a mixture of man and machine. American families would be impacted by such changes in the workforce. Mainly in such areas as, the ability for the heads of the household to be at home more, rather than spending the vast majority of their time at work. This would give way to the stronger sense of the modern American family. The family that would be able to eat meals together and also interact with each other on levels previously not had, had it not been for the adjustments made to the workplace in conjunction with the boom of the technological advancement age. From a business standpoint, it would enable business owners to lower wage costs by having fewer employees on the floor at the same time. Such cost savings would in turn, be able to be transferred to the customers of their products, in the form of decreases in the cost of products purchased. Further assessing the automotive aspect of the revolution, "For American automobile workers, one relatively constant feature of their daily factory lives was this simplified, monotonous, and degraded work. Although work tasks, work situations, and work routines varied considerably from automobile firm to automobile firm and from one shop or department to another, the work tasks of assembly line workers were the simplest, most boring, and most degrading," (Meyer, p.1). For those individuals that sought to achieve the basic needs of life as they saw them, the advancements in the production line, courtesy of the increases in industrialization, would seem as a saving graces of sorts. The opportunity to have work environments that were simple. Many who were a part of the workforce, worked in factories that resided in their respective towns. " As in Britain, the United States originally used water power to run its factories, with the consequence that industrialization was essentially limited to New England and the rest of the Northeastern United States, where fast-moving rivers were located," ("Industrial Revolution", p.19). With such limited presence in the modern world, the ability of transferring created goods to a broader grouping of people, would prove to be quite difficult. The vision of a modern America, would be hindered in that, at this point, only a

Considered the Mummys Curse, a series of unexplainable, unfortunate, Essay

Considered the Mummys Curse, a series of unexplainable, unfortunate, or tragic events that happened to the people who were present at the opening of Tutankhamens tomb - Essay Example Since fruits and vegetables and other organic items were also put in tombs, and since the tombs were entirely hermetically sealed, it is possible that mold spores could have existed and stayed viable across thousands of years (Dunning, 2008). Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, for instance, are molds that can cause allergic reactions such as congestion and bleeding in the lungs (Handwerk 2006). The second theory asserts that there is no connection between the tomb’s opening and several deaths of those present when the tomb was opened. F. DeWolfe Miller, professor of epidemiology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, argued that no archeologist is known to have directly died from the curse (Handwerk, 2012). In 2002, the British Medical Journal published a study conducted by Dr. Mark Nelson from Monash University in Australia. Nelson did a retrospective cohort analysis to determine if the dates of death actually of people who were there during Tut’s tomb opening we re hastened, due to the existence of a possible curse (Dunning, 2008). Findings showed that only 25 were exposed to the curse and lived to the average age of 70, while those who were not exposed lived to the average age of 75 (Dunning, 2008). The best theory is the one that finds no connection between the deaths and the curse of the mummy. It is clear that there is no direct relationship between the participation in the opening of the tomb and dying, as Nelson’s study showed. Furthermore, Miller also showed that archeologists involved with the tomb did not die at all. The curse is a mere coincident among deaths that the media fed

Social Psychology Theory Aggression Criminology Essay

Social Psychology Theory Aggression Criminology Essay Mass shootings are a unique feature of American life which has occurred consistently throughout history in every region of the country. The increased lethality of such incidents is made possible by the use of large capacity ammunition magazines (defined as more than 10-rounds) which enable a shooter to rapidly fire off as many as 100-rounds without having to reload the firearm. Designed for military use to kill greater numbers of people more effectively, large capacity ammunition magazines have facilitated some of the worst mass murders ever committed in the United States (Citizens Crime Commission of New York City, 2013). This essay will focus on the social psychology theory of aggression. Specific reference will be made to physical appearance of the shooter, psychological influences, social influences, external influences of the incident, gun usage, the setting, the profile of the victims and whether mass shootings are unique to American life or if other countries such as South Africa could be at risk for these type of incidents. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY THEORY: AGGRESSION Aggression is when a person intends to do harm to others. (Baron Branscombe, 2012) Social psychologists view aggression as stemming mainly from an external drive within people to harm others. This theory is indicated by different theories of aggression. These theories suggest that external conditions, such as frustration, seem to motivate people to cause others harms. This aggressive drive tends to lead to physical acts of aggression. The most well-known of these theories is the frustration-aggression hypothesis, which suggests that frustration leads to the arousal of a drive whose objective is to harm a person or an object. In addition the theory suggests that frustration is possibly the strongest and maybe single cause of aggression (Baron Branscombe, 2012). Hostile aggression has traditionally been conceived as being impulsive, spontaneous, anger driven, motived by the harming of a target, and occurring as a reaction to some perceived provocation. It is sometimes called affective, impulsive, or reactive aggression. Instrumental aggression is regarded as a calculated method of achieving some goal other than harming the victim, and being proactive rather than reactive. (Anderson Bushman, 2002) Social Learning Theory The social learning theory states that human were not born with large range of aggressive behaviour, rather they acquire them through direct experience or by observing others behaviour. As such, depending on a persons past experiences and their culture, people learn (1) various ways of seeking to harm others, (2) which people or groups are appropriate targets for aggression, (3) what actions by others justify retaliation or vengeance on their part, and (4) what situations or contexts are ones in which aggression is permitted or even approved (Baron Branscombe, 2012). General aggression model (GAM) is a framework that has been built on the social learning theory. This theory posits that a sequence of events that may lead to overt aggression can be initiated by two types of input variables: (1) factors that are related to the current situation (situational factors) and factors that are related to the people involved (person factors). Frustration, provocation of some sort, witnessing o thers peoples aggressive behaviour and any other experiences that may cause discomfort, fall under the first category. Traits that predispose individual towards aggression, particular attitudes and beliefs about violence, the inclination perceive others behaviour as hostile and certain skills related to aggression, make up the second category. The GAM states that these situational and personal factors lead to overt aggressive behaviour through their impact on the following three processes: arousal physiological arousal or excitement, affective states provoke hostile feelings and their outward manifestation, and cognition bring up hostile thoughts. Thus, an individuals appraisal of a situation may either lead to restraining the anger or overt aggressive action. (Baron Branscombe, 2012) Script Theory According to the script theory, scripts are sets of well-rehearsed, highly associated concepts in memory, often involving causal links, goals, and action plans. When items are so strongly linked that they form a script, they become a single concept in semantic memory. Moreover, even a few script rehearsals can change a persons expectations and intentions involving important social behaviours. A frequently rehearsed script gains accessibility strength in two ways. Numerous rehearsals create additional links to other concepts in memory, as such they increase the number of paths by which it can be activated. Numerous rehearsals also intensify the strength of the links themselves. This theory is particularly useful in accounting for the generalization of social learning processes and the automatic (and simplified) complex of perception-judgment-decision-behavioural processes. This includes an example of one simple aggression script involving retaliation. (Anderson Bushman, 2002) Social Interaction Theory Tedeschi Felsons social interaction theory interprets aggressive behaviour (also known as coercive action) as social influence behaviour, namely an actor uses aggressive behaviour to produce some change in the targets behaviour. A person can use coercive actions to acquire something of value (e.g., information, money, goods, sex, services, safety), to get revenge for perceived wrongs, or to bring about desired social and self-identities (e.g., toughness, competence). According to this theory, the person whose choices are directed by the expected rewards, costs, and probabilities of obtaining different outcomes is the decision-maker. Social interaction theory offers an explanation that aggressive behaviours are motivated by higher level goals. Even hostile aggression might have some rational goal behind it, for instance punishing the person provoking them in order to reduce the likelihood of future provocations. This theory provides an excellent way to understand recent findings that aggression is often the result of threats to high self-esteem, especially to unjustified high self-esteem (i.e., narcissism). (Anderson Bushman, 2002) Person Factors Person factors include all the characteristics a person brings to the situation, such as personality traits, attitudes, and genetic predispositions (Anderson Bushman, 2002). Stable person factors are consistent over time, across situations, or both. The main outcome of the persons consistent use of schemas, scripts, and other knowledge structures is this consistency. In this sense, personality is the totality of a persons knowledge structures. Further contributing to trait-like consistency, knowledge structures also influence what situations a person will seek out and what situations will be avoided. Together, person factors consist of an individuals readiness to aggress. (Anderson Bushman, 2002) Environmental Factors Family, community and cultural environment: Children draw inferences about the acceptability of aggression and aggressive behaviour from beliefs expressed by parents and peers. Although parents and peers are the closest influences on the socialisation of the youth, the community and culture also influence children through the childs connection to school, church, and the media. As such cultural variations of the acceptance of aggressive behaviour are relatively large. (Anderson Huesmann, 2003) Media violence: Observation of violence in mass media does not only arouse aggressive behaviour on a short term basis by priming aggressive scripts, and schemas, but it also arouses aggressive behaviour on a long term basis by altering scripts, schemas, and beliefs about aggression. (Anderson Huesmann, 2003) Maladaptive families/parenting: Parents use of poor discipline methods and inadequate monitoring of the childrens activities are among the key problems linked to the development of life-long aggression. Caretakers with indifferent attitudes towards the child, permissiveness of aggression by the child, and physical punishment and other power-assertive disciplinary techniques are some of the factors identified by Olweus (1995) that create bullies. Children who have been abused or neglected are more likely to become abusive and neglectful parents and violent criminals. (Anderson Huesmann, 2003) Extreme social environments: Factors such as poverty, living in a violent neighbourhood, deviant peers, lack of safe recreational areas, and lack of social support tend to promote the development of aggressive personalities. (Anderson Huesmann, 2003) Situational Factors Aggressive cues: Items that prime aggression-related ideas in memory are called aggressive cues. For example, Berkowitz LePage (1967) found that just the presence of guns alone increased the aggressive behaviour of enraged research participants. More recently, this study has enhanced our understanding of the weapons effect by discovering that weapon pictures and words automatically prime aggressive thoughts. There are other situational variables that increase aggression, for instance exposure to violent television, movies, or video games, also appear to do so via cognitive cueing effects. (Anderson Bushman, 2002) Provocation: The single most important cause of human aggression is interpersonal provocation. Provocations include insults, slights, and other forms of verbal aggression, physical aggression, and interference with ones attempts to reach an important goal. (Anderson Bushman, 2002) Frustration: Frustration can be defined as the obstruction of attaining a goal. Most provocations can be seen as a type of frustration in which a person has been identified as the cause for the failure to achieve the goal. Even frustrations that are fully warranted have been shown to increase aggression against the cause of the frustration and against a person who was not responsible for the failure to achieve the goal. More recent work has shown that displaced aggression, wherein the target of aggression is not the person who caused the initial frustration, is a robust phenomenon (Anderson Bushman, 2002). Incentives: The advertisement industry rests on the goal of making people want more things. By increasing the value of an object, one changes the implicit or explicit observed cost/benefit ratios, thus increasing intentional, instrumental aggression. Brief appearances of an incentive, for example money left on a table, can also influence aggression in a less deliberate way. (Anderson Bushman, 2002) PHYSICAL PROFILE OF PERPETRATORS Most perpetrators of mass gun shootings at schools seem to fit a similar physical profile. According to Rocque (2012), they tend to be white, males and of middle to lower class economic standing. Bjelopera et al. (2013) seem to agree that perpetrators of mass gun shootings are white males. They state that perpetrators ranged in age from 11 to 66, with the average age of perpetrators being 33.5 years. PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCE The majority of perpetrators have experienced some major loss before the incident. Even though most did not receive any services, the majority had a history of suicide attempts in their past or a documented history of significant depression. As such, the perpetrator can be depicted as a mentally disturbed person who has not received sufficient services and is depressed and/or suicidal. Depressive symptoms combined with a history of antisocial personality traits are predictive of violence. Most perpetrators place the blame for their personal problems on other people. Otherwise, they would take their own lives, but not the lives of others. Because they consider life to be miserable, they seek to commit suicide. But before doing so, they set out to kill those individuals they regard as the source of their misery (Fox, Burgess, Levin Wong, 2006). Thus, data from all sources available, imperfect though certainly they are, converge upon certain psychological characteristics: long-term anti social traits, current depression, recent loss, and (more speculatively) perception that others are to blame for problems or are persecuting them (Ferguson, Coulson Barnett, 2011). In many cases the perpetrators had engaged in other behaviours that caused alarm in friends, parents, teachers, or mental health professionals. These include fantasizing about violence, especially towards innocent people. (Ferguson, Coulson Barnett, 2011) The impact of frustration or goal-blockage on aggressive behaviour has been well-documented in the literature. Individuals who live frustrating lives tend to be more hostile, angry and aggressive than those who are able to achieve their central goals (Fox, Burgess, Levin Wong, 2006). Further research on school shooters has shown several similarities in personality, such as poor control of anger, lack of empathy, and a combined sense of persecution, righteous indignation, and superiority (Wike Fraser, 2009). Nearly every mass shooting incident in the past twenty years, and multiple other instances of suicide and isolated shootings all share one thing in common, and its not the weapons used. The majority of evidence points to the single largest common factor in all of these incidents are the fact that all of the perpetrators were either actively taking powerful psychotropic drugs or had been at some point just before they committed their crimes. Many studies going back more than a decade, as well as documents from pharmaceutical companies that suppressed the information show that SSRI drugs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) have well known, but unreported side effects, including but not limited to suicide and other violent behaviour. The most common psychotropic drugs that perpetrators are likely to take include Prozac, Zoloft and Ritalin. (Roberts, 2013) SOCIAL INFLUENCES Rejection by peers may weakly predict violent behaviour, including school shootings. Studies show that peer rejection has a developmental associate with anxiety, depression, aggression and antisocial behaviour. Furthermore the termination of romantic relationships-a form of peer rejection-is linked to depression and loneliness. Several case studies indicate that failed peer relationships and humiliation tend to led to many shooting events. (Wike Fraser, 2009) Student perpetrators tend to have lower social status with peers, and they are more likely to have been harassed by peers. That is they have been teased, taunted, or bullied. The Safe School Initiative found that 71% of attackers had experienced bullying and harassment (Wike Fraser, 2009). Because peer harassment is a common occurrence in schools peer harassment is probably best thought of as risk factor that elevates isolation and anger. Most mass killers are socially isolated, consistent with the loner stereotype. They either live by themselves or, if living with friends or family, they do not typically share their problems and frustration. For some reason, they are withdrawn or isolated and feel they have no place to turn when they get into trouble. (Fox, Burgess, Levin Wong, 2006) It has been estimated that in 95% of mass murders, there is a precipitating event such as a divorce or job termination that occurred prior to the mass killing. (Duwe, 2005) Researchers are attempting to explain school rampage shootings in terms of the social-psychological notion of imitation. There is evidence of this copycat factor, in which young people try to imitate high profile school shootings. In a sense, this notion of imitation and the influence of the media are related to social learning, which has been applied to criminal behaviour. Social learning is also concerned with the effect of peers on behaviour. (Rocque, 2012) The social construction masculine identity is a cultural factor that researchers have pointed to as an explanation of school shootings. School mass shooters tend to demonstrate their hegemonic masculinity through violent actions. It is often the case that these perpetrators have been denied traditional male status and have perhaps had their sexuality questioned. It is interesting to note that most of the school rampage shootings have taken place in red or conservative states with a specific emphasis on masculinity and gun culture. Kimmel and Mahler (2003) argue, homophobia being constantly threatened and bullied as if you are gay as well as the homophobic desire to make sure that others know that you are a real man plays a pivotal and understudied role in these school shootings. (Rocque, 2012) EXTERNAL INFLUENCES The majority of offenders showed an intense interest in violent media, including violent movies, music, video games, or books (Kidd Meyers, 2002). Fox et al. (2006) seems to think that it is not uncommon for rumours and unscientific theories to surface in the wake of an act that seems so inexplicablespeculations about the influence of violence in movies, games or musical lyrics, the role of alcohol and prescription or recreational drugs, or psychiatric/behavioural disorders resulting from chemicals or even neurological abnormalities. GUN USAGE One of the factors that characterize the perpetrators of school shootings is fascination with guns, bombs, and other explosives. For example, the perpetrators of the violence at Columbine High School appear to have been deeply involved with violent video games and guns. The duo hoarded bombs, explosives, and guns in their homes for a year while they planned their attack. Writings found after the attack contained references to death, violence, superiority, and hate (Wike Fraser, 2009). Researchers suggest that many children have easy access to firearms. They stated that most offenders used firearms owned by a family member to commit their crime. These researchers suggested that the availability of guns may contribute to feelings of toughness and may give that assailant a high status. It is apparent that many of the offenders were, in fact, seeking status among their peers. (Kidd Meyers, 2002) According to research studies a semiautomatic firearm is the weapon of choice for someone who looking to commit a mass murder. Most mass killers have been training in gun usage and have access to guns-they might go hunting, be military veterans, engage in target shooting, or work in a field of security. (Fox, Burgess, Levin Wong, 2006) SETTING From the Bjelopera et al. (2013) report, public mass shootings happen in relatively public settings. These settings generally include schools, workplaces, restaurants, parking lots, public transit, even private parties that include at least some guests who are not family members of the shooter. Hawdon et al. 2012, states that mass shootings are particularly distressing and that not only were they acts of extreme violence, they all occurred in settings where violence of any kind is relatively rare. Furthermore, they also occurred in institutions-schools and a shopping mall-that are expected to be safe. VICTIM PROFILE One of the major characteristics of mass shootings is that the target is generally symbolic in nature. In other words, the perpetrator is not seeking to exact revenge on particular people, but they are rather looking to make a statement with violence-it may not matter who the ultimate victims are. This is in contrast to other types of inner city school violence, which often involves two or more individuals with specific grievances toward one another (Rocque, 2012). According to the report conducted by Bjelopera et al. (2013), a killers relationship to his or her victims is important. Perpetrators are usually driven by a desire for revenge and/or power; some killers may target family members or close friends. The incidents described in this report of public mass shootings, the gunmen cannot only kill such individuals. This particularly rules out cases of domestic violence-instances only involving family members either inside or outside the home- from consideration as public mass shootings (Bjelopera et al. 2013). As a result perpetrators in public mass shootings rather select their victims at random. For example, a student assailant involved in a public mass shooting plans on killing particular teachers, while simultaneously staging a wider assault on his school (Bjelopera et al. 2013). CONCLUSION Although mass shootings appear to afflict the United States more than most other countries, they are by no means a uniquely American phenomenon. In 1996 sixteen kindergarten children were shot and killed in Dunblane, Scotland, and in 2011 69 teenagers were killed on an island retreat in Norway (Mesoudi, 2013). This essay has discussed how social psychology theory of aggression can be applied to mass shootings. The essay described aggression and its cause, and then later applied the theory into the practical example of mass shootings. This essay shows how perpetrators of mass killings generally seem to share a similar physical appearance; they tend to be white males. Psychological influences include loss before the incident, depression, suicidal thoughts, frustration and the intake of psychotropic drugs, such as SSRI. The social factors that seem to influence the majority of perpetrators include social rejection, isolation, low social status, precipitating events, imitation as well as the construction of masculinity. External factors that may lead to or influence mass shooting include violent media, such as violent movies, music, video games and books. Perpetrators prior to incident tend to have a fascination with guns and bombs. Mass shootings generally take place in public settings, like schools, malls, parking lots etc. It seems as though certain perpetrators may select the victims and in others they do not. There are a number of variables that lead to mass shootings, many of which can be prevent or sufficiently dealt with. Mass shootings have devastating results on communities, as a result society as a whole needs to unite to prevent these incidents from reoccurring.

Unrestricted Capitalist Development and the International Monetary Fund

Unrestricted Capitalist Development and the International Monetary Fund: Their Economic and Social Effects on Buenos Aires. Argentina The day is Friday, December 21, 2001. After three days of massive riots the city of Buenos Aires looks like an abandoned battlefield. Its grand palm-lined avenues are strewn with burnt-out shells of cars, smashed glass, rocks, and twisted furniture. Unemployed people, pensioners, and women with babies climb through smashed supermarket windows searching for any food that looters left behind. Most banks and shops are closed, and dazed people wander the streets, confused and fearful of their nation’s state of affairs (Arie 11). The â€Å"battle† started on Monday, December 17, with massive food riots and looting of trucks transporting food, led by thousands of poor families. The Argentine government said there were 20,000 looters in Buenos Aires alone, as citizens broke into stores and smashed shop windows, stealing items including food, clothing, and toilet paper (Gardner 9). Food riots erupted in the working-class belt surrounding the capital, such as Lanus, as well (Rohter 6). Television footage from Rosario, a city northwest of Buenos Aires, showed more than one hundred slum dwellers descending on an overturned cattle truck and slaughtering the animals with sticks and knives so they could carry off chunks of meat (Abel 20). Silvia Tebez, an unemployed 27-year-old mother of three said, â€Å"a few hooligans made off with television sets and the like, but by and large these were parents who were hungry, with no money and no hopes of obtaining any† (Rohter 6). Hungry or not, the government, headed by President Fernando de la Rua, attempted to control the rioters by instituting a sta... ...State University of New York Press, 1987. Rodriquez, Alfonso. â€Å"Argentine Food Riots End, But Hunger Doesn’t.† The New York Times. 24 December 2001: 18. Rohter, Larry. â€Å"Argentine Food Riots End, But Hunger Doesn’t.† The New York Times.23 December 2001: A6. Soriano, Alex. â€Å"Argentine Police Smash Protest by Workers.† The Montreal Gazette.19 April 2002: 12. Sparr, Pamela. Mortgaging Women’s Lives: Feminist Critiques of Structural Adjustment. London and New Jersey: Zed Books Ltd., 1994. U.S. government. 12 April 2002: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook. Valente, Marcela. â€Å"Labor-Argentina: Workers Give New Life to Abandoned Factories.† Inter Press Service. 19 March 2002: 1-3. Ximenez, Daniel. â€Å"Argentina People Throw the Bastards Out.† Labor Notes. 22 February 2002. http://www.labornotes.com.

Character valor and dignity

Self-respect and Dignity Analysis of The movie Glory Glory, a 1989 film based on the personal letters of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, the novel One Gallant Rush and Lay This Laurel. Robert Shaw trained and led the first black volunteer infantry in history during the civil war. The story line is full of racism, politics, corruption, loyalty, perseverance and identity. It is written as seen through the eyes of Officer Robert Gould Shaw and shows the valor and courage of a group of soldiers fighting against their own superior's racism to achieve their desire to serve heir country.I will reflect on the ethics and virtues of this film and compare the characters actions to Aristotle, Pictures and SST. Augustine philosophies. Captain Robert Shaw is injured in the Battle of Intimate and sent home to heal with his family. He meets abolitionist Frederick Douglass, a former slave. Shaw is offered a promotion to colonel and command of the first all black regiment in the union army. The 54th Massac husetts volunteer infantry. He accepts and recruits his childhood friend Major Cabot Forbes. Their first volunteers are Thomas Charles, Rawlins, Jupiter and Trip.Trip does not get along with Charles and Rawlins tries to step in to mediate. Shaw knows from the start that his troops may never get to see actual fire. AS they are the first troop of its kind, he believes they will be used primarily for general labor instead of true soldiers. In spite of his beliefs, he puts his troop through rigorous training to help them learn the importance of alertness, momentum and endurance. The confederacy issues an order to shoot any soldier in a union uniform that is black and any white commanding officer associated with the troop.The men of the 54th infantry are given the option of an honorable discharge, none do. Trip disappears and is believed to be ALLOW by Shaw. When Trip is found, Shaw orders him flogged in front of everyone until he sees trips scars, he hesitates, as he is an abolitionist himself. He finds out that Trip was Just away looking for shoes and socks as him and the other soldiers have been refused supplies due to their race. Shaw goes to bat for his troop as they have been being paid lower wages then the white soldiers as well. The 54th troop finishes training and is transferred to the command of General Charles Garrison Hearer.Hearer abuses his command and uses the soldiers to loot and burn a town, then as laborers. Shaw uses this as leverage to get his troop in to battle on James Island where Thomas is wounded but saves Trip, earning trips respect. The next battle is the Charleston Harbor. This will be a battle that will show the courage and dedication of the 54th infantry as they lead the charge knowing that they may suffer heavy casualties. The night before the battle, the black soldiers have a religious ceremony where each offers prayers during hymn singing. Trip and Rawlins make encouraging speeches and ask GOD for help and protection for all.The cas ualties are heavy and as Shaw encourages the troop to push forward, he's shot and killed. Trip lifts up the flag and rallies the soldiers after Shaw is killed, as they are shocked to loose him. Trip is shot but holds the flag until his last breath. The troop gets through the forts outer defenses but they are outnumbered. The next day the beach is littered with bodies as they confederate flag is raised. Although the union army never prevailed at Battery Wagner, the sacrifice of the 54th which lost nearly Alfa of its men inspired the union to recruit more black med for combat.This film reveals political and racial corruption through symbolism and actions. Aristotle believed that all actions have both excess and a deficiency. The goal is to find the middle ground that fits each individual. He believes that we have the ability to change whom and what we are if we believe what we have become is not our destiny. Shaw character refused to give up on his belief that no matter what his troop ended up doing, they needed to be prepared. This references Aristotelian ethic mean of pride. Shaw had pride for his military career.Shaw also shows vanity, the other end of the spectrum of pride. He takes up for the troop against the quartermaster for shoes and pay yet Jokes about his regiment not participating in combat. Shaw shows â€Å"large scale giving† when he goes against the quartermaster. Trip states that he doesn't believe the war will result in a better life for slaves, but he knows he must fight for the hope it might: Aristotle personal Virtue. Pictures : What upsets people is not things themselves but their Judgments about them. We should not blame others for our own choices.An uneducated person accuses others when he is doing badly, a partly educated person accuses himself, and an educated person accuses no one (Somers & Somers, 2010). Shaw being placed in command of the 54th may have not made him happy but he chose to rise up to the challenge. He does not sho w these emotions to anyone. He does what is needed. Thomas responds to his position with excitement even though his friends are not happy. Forbes responds without emotion at first but eventually shows his unhappiness. Forbes accepts his duty and honor over time.Trip lifts up the flag and allies the soldiers after Shaw is killed. Although Trip is shot several times, trip holds the flag up till the end. Pictures says this is inner strength. SST. Augustine believed our souls are restless and cannot find character, dignity and self-respect until they find the greater good, for SST. Augustine that would be knowledge of God (Somers & Somers, 2010). Trip has become one that by following after which the soul becomes possessed of virtue and wisdom. Shaw, Forbes and Thomas all believed in God. They read scriptures, thought they should live by Gods word.Shaw does his duty, never showing favor. Forbes bucks the system because he sees much injustice but believes Gods word that the circumstances are above his petty desires. Thomas blindly follows his faith in God. He questions his ideals when it comes to his own character, respect and dignity but finds peace in his strength and resolve to be a better soldier (Rachel & Rachel , 2012). This movie is about a time in history that is filled with questions, visions of freedom and expectations. The characters are strong in their belief that the world can be better with freedom for everyone.They struggle with their own duty to themselves and the others in their troop, yet as they get past each stumbling block, their group becomes tighter and more bonded to one another. Respect, dignity, faith and perseverance become the glue that takes the 54th into a battle that they know they may not win. As they fall, they do it together to achieve what they all believe,

Canned Air Isnt Air (Chemical Composition)

Canned Air Isnt Air (Chemical Composition) Canned air isnt air, though it is canned. Its not even filled with a gas you normally find in air. Canned air or gas duster is a product that uses compressed gas to clean surfaces. Its nice for blasting out keyboard chow and dust bunnies in the cooling vents of computers and other electronic devices. You may have heard about people dying from purposely inhaling canned air, presumably trying to get high off of it. There are two ways you can die from this practice. One is from anoxia or simply not getting enough oxygen. The other is from the toxicity of the gases used in the product. The usual gases found in canned air are difluoroethane, trifluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, or butane. Butane is an interesting choice because its flammable, so using canned air to cool hot electronics may not be a wise decision (see my burning bubbles project if you need convincing about potential flammability). Incidentally, burning the fluorocarbons tends to produce extra-nasty chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid and carbonyl fluoride. My laptop would suffocate and overheat without a little help from canned air every now and then. Its a useful product to have around. Just dont go thinking its a harmless household chemical, because its not.

Rebellious RiskTaking Youth More Likely to Smoke essays

Rebellious RiskTaking Youth More Likely to Smoke essays Results of a recent study suggest that rebellious, risk-taking kids as young as 11 are more likely to smoke by the time they reach high school. According to the report, children who demonstrate these personality traits in the 5th grade are most likely to smoke in the 12th grade. Targeting smoking in high school students is important since studies have shown that adolescents who smoke daily in the 12th grade are likely to become established smokers as adults. Results of the study, published in the March issue of Preventive Medicine, show a strong association between rebelliousness in males in the 5th grade and daily smoking in the 12th grade. For example, the most rebellious males were three times more likely to become smokers than the least rebellious males. Risk-taking most strongly correlated with smoking among females, the investigators found. To be sure, a youngster who is a rebellious risk-taker is not necessarily destined to become a smoker. While these children may be may be more likely to smoke than their more conventional peers, the influence of family and peers also plays a role. The risk of smoking for a rebellious individual may either increase or decrease depending on whether his or her social environment also involves smoking parents, siblings, or peers. About 19% of 12th-grade students are daily smokers. Despite efforts to reduce the prevalence of smoking among adolescents, rates have climbed over the past decade ...