Non resident citizens Essay Example for Free

Non resident citizens Essay Universal suffrage is a term that is used to refer to the right of adult citizens to vote. Suffrage includes the right to vote as well as the opportunities that are available to vote. Universal suffrage however refers mainly to the right to vote (wordnet. princeton. edu). A government should therefore seek the mandate of the people to continue being in office. Traditionally, universal male suffrage referred to the right of males to vote irrespective of their economic status. Each male was not required to show any wealth ownership in order to vote. France started practicing universal male suffrage as early as 1792 during the revolutionally period but only in theory. They however faced severe challenges during this period and the theory did not materialize until 1848 when resident citizens were granted this right. In most countries around the globe, voting rights were only extended to those who proved their wealth ownership who were only a few males. Other world democracies considered religion as an important factor which decided who to vote. As time went by, most of these restrictions were dropped and many citizens got the opportunity to cast their vote. This was due to the role that democratic movements played in the 19th century by unifying Liberals and Social Democrats in northern Europe. The movements were quite fruitful as their slogans like Equal and Common Suffrage finally granted full universal suffrage to even women. ( By Republican (not a Radical†) Universal Suffrage: Female Suffrage). France however denied women the right to vote until 1944. Even though full universal suffrage was practiced later, some citizens did not benefit from the privilege of voting especially criminals, the mentally ill and non resident citizens. Various movements contributed to the campaigns that saw the birth of full universal suffrage. In the 19th century, the movements aimed at removing wealth requirements for voters. It later campaigned for the right of women to participate in the voting process in the 20th century. The 2nd world war was a major setback to the enactment of the universal suffrage because it interfered with the normal legal process of many nations. Race and ethnicity are other major factors that have hindered many citizens from voting. Many nations in the world denied minority groups the right to vote on the basis of their race or ethnicity. For instance, in South Africa, the people who could only vote were whites during the apartheid era. This continued until 1994 when mult-party democracy was instituted. Similarly the blacks were also not allowed to vote in the United States of America even though they had that right. The formation of the Ku Klux Klan after the American Civil War ensured that blacks were intimidated in order not to vote. Disfranchisement refers to denying someone the right to vote. In the United States of America, the poor were denied the right to vote if they paid no taxes or if they were under a welfare system which gave them assistance. Non resident citizens are also denied this right to a certain degree; Italians are represented by a representative at-large in the Italian parliament, United States citizens who live outside the U. S. usually vote as residents of the last state where they lived while non resident Britons are not allowed to vote for their parliament.

Expression in Art :: Essays Papers

Expression in Art Before the portrayal of the human body can be critiqued, you must understand the artist's culture. As man evolved over centuries, his views of the body also transformed. Our tour definitely showed the drastic changes in different cultures' art. Each culture and era presents very distinct characteristics. Through time and experimentation, we have expressed our views of the human body clearly with our art. Egyptians were the first people to make a large impact on the world of art. Egyptians needed art for their religious beliefs more than decoration or self-gratification. The most important aspect of Egyptian life is the ka, the part of the human spirit that lives on after death. The ka needed a physical place to occupy or it would disappear. Most of the important men of Egypt paid to have their body carved out of stone. That was were the spirit would live after the man dies. They used stone because it was the strongest material they could find. Longevity was very important. The bodies are always idealized and clothed. Figures are very rigid, close-fisted, and are built on a vertical axis to show that the person is grand or intimidating. Most of the figures were seen in the same: profile of the legs, frontal view of the torso, and profile of the head. Like most civilizations, Egyptians put a lot of faith in gods. The sky god Horus, a bird, is found in a great amount of Egyptian art. Little recognition was ever given to the artists. The emphasis was on the patron. Early Greek art was greatly influenced by the Egyptians. Geography permitted both cultures to exchange their talents. The beginning of Greek art is marked by the Geometric phase. The most common art during the Geometric phase was vase painting. After the vase was formed but before it was painted, the artist applied a slip (dark pigment) to outside. Then the vase was fired and the artist would incise his decorations into the hard shell. It was important to incise humans into the fired slip and not paint w ith slip. The people in the pictures needed light colored skin, which was the color beneath the slip, because Greeks wanted to make their art as realistic as possible. Much like Egyptian art, the Greeks idealized the bodies of the people in their works. As the Archaic Period evolved, Greek sculptures were almost identical to the Egyptians'.

Types of Food Styling

Have you ever seen a picture of food that makes you craving and hungry? This is food stylist job to make food look fresh, good, tempting and irresistible. What is food stylist? The food stylist’s job is to create food and dishes that appear in magazines, cookbooks, advertisements, food packaging, television commercials, and sometimes even feature films. Using behind the scenes magic and culinary artistry, a food stylist is responsible for making food look exciting, enticing, and effortlessly prepared – in essence, seducing the viewer.The food stylist brings to a photograph a creative eye, expertise in food preparation, and artistic interpretation of the black-and-white words of recipe (Lou Manna, NYC, 2005). Food is styled to be photographed for different purposes either for editorial photos such as magazines, and cookbooks or for commercial purposes such as advertising, packaging and labeling. Food stylist must know how to create a creativity on photos to make a photos look real, fresh and can attract audience.Editorial purposes in food styling can considered as most famous and exciting job because food stylist can use he/she unlimited creativity to make food look good and attractive. Food stylist is not tied to any concept or idea. Examples of editorial are newspapers, magazines, menu books, cookbooks and recipe books. Food stylist can use as many props to make food look beautiful. The quality of photos does not need as good as advertising but it is good enough to be published in cookbooks and magazines. Commercial purposes divided into several types which are advertising, packaging and labeling, and Tv or film purposes.Paper ad such as McDonald, Burger King and KFC are examples of advertising in food styling. Usually food stylist will use fake food to make food in advertising more real and tempting. Besides that, uses of props and other supporting objects also help for make advertising look creative. Newspaper advertising, menus, brochures, fly ers and billboards are also some example of advertising. For advertising purposes, as a food stylist and photographer must follow the idea and concept of advertising agency because the idea and concept already decided by ad agency.However, quality of photograph is very important because photos may use in billboards and large ads in the magazine. Packaging is the most difficult, complicated and tedious. When style for packaging, photos must needs match with that product and make it realistic and favorable. A lot of effort and meticulous detail needs in styling food before being photographed. Use a maximum lighting but less special effect and cautions with props because it may overshadow a product. For this type of photography, the food presented must as clear and as detail as possible exactly as a product.Food stylist has to put effort to ensure that numbers or pieces of the product in the package, color and ingredients if possible should be shown as realistic as possible (Neel, 2009 ) Tv or film is take a different purposes compare to advertising and packaging. Food stylist will work with a director or prop master on the set. Food stylist must learn and understand particular concept and idea before doing a job because it may not meets with original concept. The most difficult task when doing this job is the need to be ready to prepare as much food ‘actor’ and as identically as possible.This is all depends on how many ‘takes’ are taken for that particular scene (Noor, 2011) We can conclude that types of photography can be divided into two which is for editorial purposes and commercial purposes. Quality of photos is depending on what types of food styling we want. If for advertising, it must in high quality while for editorial is just good enough for published in cookbooks. Editorial purposes can use our unlimited creativity because it is not tied to any concept or idea. Otherwise in commercial purposes, all the concept and idea have bee n decided by ad agency or director.

The Media s Influence On The Body Image - 804 Words

Man, I wish I could look like that! How does she get her makeup to look so perfect? Her eyebrows are on point! She s so skinny and fit looking. Her skin is absolutely flawless! I wish I looked like her! Why can t I be like those girls? How many times have you watched television, searched the web, looked at magazines, or used your cell phone and have thought those things about a woman/teen girl that you have seen? Media has photoshopped, airbrushed, and tweaked pictures and videos to appear as perfect! The media has made young women feel as if their bodies are not good enough. Young women are being convinced that if they do not look like the â€Å"perfect† women on television then they aren t good enough. Many negativities have resulted from what the media is portraying as the idealized body image; the body size of women portrayed in the media is noticeably getting smaller. The media will do everything to sell a product, especially when it tugs on someones insecurities. The ter m â€Å"thin-ideal media† refers to media images, shows, and films that contain very thin female leads (â€Å"Body, Of†). The media has made a thin body appear as if that is what the ideal body image should be, even if it is harmful to a person’s health. The average fashion model is typically 4-7 inches taller and 50 pounds lighter than the average American (Insel 292). Many consider that having good looks means you have good health; furthermore, it then makes it difficult for some women to go without thinkingShow MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On Body Image1697 Words   |  7 Pages Ultra-thin models are plastered all over the media today, but have these influential sources thought of the negative outcomes that could change society forever? The notions represented by the media silently incline girls to conform to an ideal that is impossible to reach. Due to their malleable brains, adolescent females are subjected to the image of a perfect body through media’s adverse influence of what a quintessential girl is supposed to look like and the permanent impact it has onRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Body Image722 Words   |  3 PagesMillions of women, day in day out, are bombarded with the media’s notion of the â€Å"ideal† female body. These impractical images are depicted within women’s magazines worldwide, sending out the message to women that they are not thin or pretty enough. Magazine companies spend billions of pounds yearly on diet and exercise advertisements to include in their magazines, having their readers buy into body dissatisfaction through unrealistic imagery of women, accompanied by dieting and exercise informationRead MoreMedia s Influence On Body Image942 Words   |  4 PagesA body image is a subjective combination of all the thoughts, emotions, and judgments that an individual may perceive about his or her own body. Each individual has a unique perception of his or her own body. T his image is strongly influenced and often times skewed due to the increasing pressure created from outside, societal factors. With a world that is continuously creating new forms of social media and entertainment, individuals are constantly exposed to images that supposedly define bodily perfectionRead MoreMedia Influence On Women s Body Image1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthe perfect body image has changed in many ways. This is very evident in the female sex, especially through media. â€Å"Americans spend about 68 hours per week exposed to various forms of media† (US Census Bureau 2009). This media exposure through outlets such as t.v., radio, music videos, movies, and the internet, all influence the way people think about gender. The media influence is very evident in the way people view women and think about women in different cultures. Media influence on women createsRead MoreMedia s Influence On Female Body Image967 Words   |  4 Pagesalways surrounded by a variety of m edia and we identify ourselves in parts of those images we see. Media believes women should look like Victoria Secret models: tall, lean, and tanned women, but lately there has been issue from women all over the world who are tired of having to be set at impossible types of female figures. Revolving around a certain type of body figure is horrible because bodies come in different shapes and sizes. The media has influenced the female body perception by showing that womenRead MoreMass Media s Influence On Body Image1414 Words   |  6 PagesMass Media’s Influence on Body Image Over the years a debate over who is to blame over the decline in how girls perceive themselves has arisen. With Photoshop being the societal norm concerning the media, it has become difficult for many to understand where the line between real and near impossible standards lies. Youths see an image edited to â€Å"perfection† and strive to reach the standards that they imagine due to the images displayed on magazines, television and social media. From Disney to magazinesRead MoreAnalysis Of Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs 1179 Words   |  5 Pagesand television are employed in their every day lives . From these new technologies, Americans can connect with the media and they are constantly attacked by the messages of the media. A superior message the media is depicting is ultra-thin as a reference point of beauty. Everyday an abundance of women are bombarded with the media s concept and interpretation of the flawless body. The photos being represented in popular magazines typically issued for women all over the country are impracticalRead More The Medias Influence on Eating Disorders Essay example1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe Medias Influence on Eating Disorders The National Eating Disorders Association states that eating disorders are conditions that arise from factors including physical, psychological, interpersonal, and social issues. Media images help define cultural definitions of beauty and attractiveness and are often acknowledged as one of the factors that contribute to the rise of eating disorders (NEDA). The National Eating Disorders Associations website, The Effect of the Media on Body SatisfactionRead MoreThe Influences Of Mass Media On Society864 Words   |  4 PagesThe Influences of Mass Media on Society For the greater majority of the American society, the presence of mass media is a normal part of everyday lives. With the purpose of mass media being to educate, entertain and inform, the excessive violence, self imaging, and lack of full detail on world events, is having negative influences and unhealthy impacts on society. As early as the 1920s, a form of the media has been present in the American society. Although broadcasted content wasRead MoreTodays Unrealistic Body Expectations1311 Words   |  5 Pagesmeasures, most of the time, spending countless hours in the gym trying to achieve that perfect body. Body image is evident in the gym, as the men are lifting weights they are frequently looking in the mirror examining every angle of their body making sure no area is lacking muscle. On the other hand, women tend to partake in the same behavior as men, showing a sense of insecurity about their own bodies, frequently making trips to the scale to keep track of their weight making sure to stay slim and

Essay on Future Societies - 1617 Words

Future Societies No body knows what the future is going to be like. The future is an unsolved mystery that can never be unleashed. People will never be able to live in the future because the catch is once people live in the future, the future becomes the present. Even though no one knows what the future is going to be like, people like to write about this unsolved mystery because there is no right or wrong answer to what the future is going to be like. Both the novel, The Lathe of Heaven, and the movie, The Matrix, focus on the future. The writers and creators of these works not only suggest what life could be like in the future with similarities and differences, but they also add what life is like today in order to make the stories†¦show more content†¦In the novel the three main characters are Manny, George, and the girl he likes, Miss Leache. In the movie the trio is Morphius, Neo, and the girl he likes, Trinity. These characters are very similar to each other because they depend on each other. The anti-agent in the novel is Dr. Habor, and in the movie the anti-agent is Agent Smith. These anti-agents try and distract the main characters, either Neo or George, with what they are trying to achieve. They make the main characters lives more challenging. Other than the fact that The Matrix is a movie and The Lathe of Heaven is a book, there are aspects which are different between the two works. For instance, in The Matrix there are only two worlds. These worlds are the matrix and the real world. Not too many people know about the real world because they are stuck in the matrix. In the movie these two worlds stay consistent. The matrix is always the computer system where people have the same day to day routines, and the real world is always destroyed and run by machines. On the other hand, in the novel there are always new worlds. The characters never go back to a world which they have already lived in. Every time George dreams, a new world is created. These worlds are un known until he wakes up and sees what he has done to the previous world. George is the only one aware of these changes while in the movie the people who are not plugged in the system all know what is going on. The worlds in the novelShow MoreRelatedHow Important Is a Sense of History in Shaping the Future of Singapores Society?1558 Words   |  7 PagesQns 6. How important is a sense of history in shaping the future of Singapores society? Singapore is without a doubt, a diversified nation with many different cultures and races. Contrary to the popular belief of difference leading to antagonism, Singapore is perhaps one of the few countries globally to welcome people despite their variable backgrounds and still remain collectively competitive. Indeed, credit is due to Singapores society past or present, had been seen to be shaped with a strongRead MoreThe Future Farmers Of Society1576 Words   |  7 PagesFuture Farmers of Society Have you ever thought or asked yourself, do you want to eat? Do you want to grow your own food while working another job? The faction, Dukes, as the future farmers of society do these things in our faction. After the Ebola virus hit the air our faction (Dukes) decided to be the caring and the giving ones. The responsibilities for the society, are to take care of animals, grow food and herbs, and hunt for food. In doing so, by us fulfilling our responsibilities, people willRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography for Samsungs Outlook Essay923 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom hardware to software. By doing so, people that are into technology are going to be more interested in the products. This will provide my claim that Samsung is better by giving information on the interesting features they plan to provide in the future. Tappin, Steve. â€Å"Apple vs. Samsung: Who Will Win?† Linkedin. Linkedin, 14 Dec. 2013. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. This web exclusive source addresses which company is better in certain categories such as leadership, branding, design, user’s experience, andRead MoreCollege Education, Society, And The Future1467 Words   |  6 Pages Education, Society, and The Future One can easily distinguish whether a person has received a college degree or not. The difference might not be spotted at the moment, but it can be clearly recognized with more time spent beside the person. Confidence, satisfaction, sophistication, and economic power are some of the attributes that can differentiate an uneducated person from another. Having that said, college education does in fact change and affect a person’s health, economic power, and moralRead MoreChildren Are Our Future Society Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesChildren are our future society Children are our future society. The question is â€Å"How to prepare these generation to think critical, invent something extraordinary or maybe be the next president of The United States?† Piaget said â€Å"Teaching means creating situations where structures can be discovered† (Piaget). Educators, during their careers, develop many strategies to teach and nurture a child in an excellent school environment that promotes learning. The class design is a key for the strategiesRead MoreThe Aims Of Education : A Better Society For The Future1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe aims of education to me is produce a better society for the future. To help them be moral, ethical, and develop a higher sense of thinking. This way they can help progress society as a whole, and advance further together into the future. Having the future citizens of the world have a higher sense of thinking can aid them in their decisions more moral; assist them in determining what is right and wrong. Stu dents will need to learn how to be more open minded and able to share knowledge amongstRead MoreThe Future of Books in Todays Society Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagesinnovation is causing many to debate whether E-books are a burden or a blessing on society. The movement from the oral tradition to the printed words was one of the biggest advancements of all times, the question remains if the movement from printed words to E-books is as revolutionary. Books have been the storehouses of information and knowledge since the printing press and it’s worth our time to inform our selves what the future of our learning will be. â€Å"Today, roughly 40-50,000 books are published commerciallyRead MoreGenetic Engineering And The Future Of The Destruction Of Society2048 Words   |  9 PagesGenetic Engineering; Path to the Future of the Destruction of Society? Being human, it’s a natural desire to want other things that people have, whether we like it or not. We are always comparing ourselves to other people. We are wanting to be taller, have this hair color, or even want to have better writing skills. When we’re born, you can’t technically choose what you will look like or what traits your parents will pass onto you. Advances in biotechnology have changed the way we see DNA and howRead MoreThe Effects Of Abortion On The Society s Future Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthe rights and responsibilities of the woman attempting to induce an abortion. The Religious principles also have an effect on views and the entire debate about abortion. The purpose of this paper is to show the impact of abortion on the society’s future. Abortion can kill potential genius In various debates, arguments are made for abortion due to the moral view of an induced abortion. Many states have passed laws to cap the number of induced abortion. Debates pertaining abortion laws are usuallyRead MoreThe Culture of Fear and Its Effects on Society Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesThe Culture of Fear and its Effects on Society Min Kim Fear and the marketing of paranoia and uncertainty have become daily staples in today’s culture. Every day there arise new threats to national security manufactured by politicians and fuelled by the public’s demand to be protected from these imaginary bogeymen. With the vast increases in technology our society has experienced in the past forty years the news media have become an especially effective orator of impending doom, the daily exposà ©s

What Happened During The Selection Interview - 2561 Words

In this assignment I am going to explain what happened during the selection interview for this task a set of questions were prepared before to ask the potential candidates for the job role (retail supervisor) which was being advertised, in my role as the interviewee I asked a couple of questions while as the interviewer I asked a couple of the questions that were set by the group that I was in. Preparation for the interview There were some documents that had to be prepared individually and these were: Job description = A job description is a wide, general and composed legal announcement of a particular occupation. It mostly incorporates duties, responsibilities, scope and working conditions of a job along with the job’s title as well as the name of the person to whom the employee reports. A job description should contain enough data that represents significant responsibilities or duties as well as key abilities. The document should contain everything about how and what work is performed with the goal that is stays helpful not prevented by minor changes that happen. The document should be revisited and updated yearly. Person specification = The person specification portrays what experience, abilities and capabilities somebody must have the capacity to carry out the occupation and any additional things it would be beneficial for them to have. Characterizing criteria It will take a look at each of the fundamental obligations and obligations from the expected set ofShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Criminal Justice System1500 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation has been in the minority, and has been persecuted for hundreds of years. What Taylor-Thompson is stating is that African-Americans usually hold the minority in court decisions as well, which poses a problem due to the majority overriding their vote. Due to the racial tensions, the judicial system ultimately changed in order to include more minorities in juries, however it was lopsided during the Simpson trial. During the tumultuous 1990s, there were many racial incidents, most famously the RodneyRead MoreFamily Structures And Its Effects On The United States946 Words   |  4 Pagesfamilies that have more than five members. I may come across this if the families want to bring with them extended family members such as grandparents or aunts and uncles. The families that I choose to bring do not necessarily have to be from Rwanda. During the genocide, there were Hutus who left the country because at the time it was not a good place to live and they fled to the surrounding countries. Some of these refugees stayed in those countries, while others went back to Rwanda only to face suspicionRead MoreChapter 3: Equal Employment Opportunity Human Resources Management963 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunity that are often more comprehensive than federal laws. †¢ Sexual Harassment: Unwelcome advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature in the working environment †¢ Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures: Is a procedural document published in the Federal Register to assist employers in complying with federal regulations against discriminatory actions. †¢ Adverse Impact: The rejection of a significantly higher percentage of a protectedRead MoreEssay about Report on Collecting Forensic Evidence1098 Words   |  5 Pagesare possible frauds exist: 1. Apollo’s minutes of October 18, 2007 shows that Mr. Unum, the VP of finance at Apollo Shoes refused the new auditing firm’s request to contact the old auditors. This may lead us to think that something might have happened during the previous audits. 2. Apollo’s minutes of June 30, 2007 shows that Apollo approved an advance of $1,000,000 to Mr. Lancaster (CEO of Apollo Shoes) as a personal loan to cover personal legal expenses. Mr. Unum later reclassified the loan asRead MoreA Presentation Of The Rationale For The Qualitative Case Study Approach1659 Words   |  7 Pagesmethodology of my case study. I will begin with a presentation of the rationale for the qualitative case study approach. Next, I will present the participant selection criteria, the design of the study, and the methods of the data collection which will include the two interviews (first and follow-up), classroom observation, videotaping the participant during instruction, and document data collection. I will also discuss the strategies I will be using to enhance the trustworthiness of the study. At the endRead MoreThe Research Outcome Is Dependent On Careful Selection Of The Participants1336 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing successful bracketing, the nex t step to the phenomenological method is to collect the data. The research outcome is dependent on careful selection of the participants for the research. In theory the more participants a research project has, the better the researchers understanding of the experience should be Likewise the demographics of the participants are also important to understanding the nature of the data (Bond, 2011). However, for my research I chose to select one person who immigratedRead MoreCanadian Code Of Ethics For Psychologist And The Ethical Decision Making Process1406 Words   |  6 PagesPersonnel selection can be considered the responsibility of all those who manage people as well as a description of persons who are employed as specialists. Psychologists are hired by organizations to help with the personnel selection process and to help select the best person for the job. While helping with the selection process, the psychologist needs to follow the professional standards set by the APA. PERSONNEL SELECTED Psychologists offer a unique insight into the workings of selection processRead MoreSingapore International Airlines1597 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Singapore Airlines was founded in the year 1947 as the Malayan Airways Limited (MAL) during the British invasion at the Tanah Melayu. After the events Independence in 1957, the Malayan Airways Limited has changed its name to Malayan Singapore Airlines (MSA). However, the company name should be changed again as a result of the separation of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965. This company was separated in two different entities which are the Malaysian Airlines (MAS) and the Singapore AirlinesRead MoreA Interview At An Interview1585 Words   |  7 Pagesthe submission of my application, I received an email inviting me to the interview that would be conducted in company’s office in London. Overall, in my opinion, I did my best in terms of the preparation. I researched the company’s history, read about its most popular products and familiarized myself with the recent industry and company’s news (Burke and Thurgood 2007). A week prior to the interview date I attended an interview preparation session organized by the Careers Office which, as noted byRead MoreThe Interview Process For Oshkosh1765 Words   |  8 Pages There are many jobs that I have applied to and went through the interview process but the one that stood out the most to me is when I applied for Oshkosh. This job I’m still at because I love my boss and it’s a job that I feel at home with. I will talk about the interview process. How I was initially selected, substantively selected, and ultimately contingently selected this theory comes from the book. Lastly how after working there for about 5 months I got put into a temporary part time supervisor

The Dahlgren and Whitehead Health Determinants Model †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Dahlgren and Whitehead Health Determinants Model. Answer: Introduction The existence of the inequalities in terms of health in the society where the health is linked to the socioeconomic level has resulted in the growing awareness that most of the issues can be determined by the social factors. In this case, the social, economic and environmental inequalities can determine the risk level of people getting ill, their capability to prevent the illnesses as well as their access to the effective treatment. All these social factors have been described by the scholars using different models but the most widely used is the Dahlgren and Whitehead Health Determinants Rainbow Model (Bryant, et al., 2011). The model thus maps the association between a person, setting, and the health. The individuals are centrally placed and surrounded by different influences on health which comprise the lifestyle of an individual, the influences of the community, working and living conditions among other factors. The framework has therefore assisted the researchers to come up with the various hypotheses regarding health determinants to explore the relative influence of these determinants on various outcomes of health as well as the association between different determinants. Analysis Structure changes, as well as the social organization regarding the causes of diseases over the last century, have changed their focus to various impacts of the health with the concomitant impacts on structure and resourcing structure of the health care. In this case, there have been 3 different stages in the movement of the public health since mid of 19th century to the present time in the western part of Europe regarding industrialization as well as the increasing healthcare and pharmaceutical access (Gibson et al., 2010). Black Report There was a need to take action in England between 1830s and 70s concerning housing and sanitation and the provision of the clean water and food that is adequate. These actions are evident in the national public health act in 1846 and 1875 indicating intervention by the administration through legislation to prevent the spread of diseases among the families living in poverty. Landlord Report Afterwards, it was followed by the understanding of the disease transmission era which is the germ theory. This raised the concentration on specific approaches to prevention which include the use of vaccination and immunization. Also, there was school and community health services which were aimed at supporting children and mothers. The main reason for this was to offer information as well as practical support to facilitate people to assume the responsibility of keeping themselves healthy. This was then followed by the therapeutic era where the discovery of the insulin as well as sulphonamide drugs (McCartney et al., 2010). These drugs could cure almost all the illness regardless of the daily context of the people. However, this was never the final journey as there was a need to clearly understand the social factors that could affect the health of the individual. Public health promotion in the 21st century is a multi-disciplinary activity that ranges from the health and disease surveillance among the populations via the provision of the health information and advice. In this case, disease occurrence takes place in different levels which comprise the action taken by the individual to those that are undertaken by both local and international agencies (Morgan Ziglio, 2010). Further, disease occurrence takes place in different environments such as youth centers, street, hospital setting, workplace, homes or even the nightclubs. Based on the Dahlgren and Whitehead model, there are various social factors that influence health. These include the age sex and the hereditary factors, the lifestyle factors of an individual, the social community networks as well as the general socio-economic, environmental and cultural conditions. Dahlgren and Whitehead's model is a multifactorial approach that differentiates social factors and individual which offers a diagram with layers that can be peeled away. In the core of the diagram is the attributes that can be inherited which comprise the age, hereditary factors, and sex. Also, the inner layer indicates that health is partially determined the by the lifestyle of an individual which include the diet, physical activity as well as patterns of smoking. On the third layer, the model focuses an attention to the association with friends, family as well as other significant factors that are found in the community (Burris, 2011). They are therefore the downstream health determinants which include the actions of the community and the individual. The next layer concentrates on the living and the working conditions. This includes the housing, healthcare services access, employment among other factors (Krumeich Meershoek, 2014). Finally, the outer layer focuses on the wider soci o-economic, environmental and cultural factors which comprise the economic development, political change, welfare system change, structures as well as social forces. In as much as this is not clearly indicated in the diagram, there is a possibility for the interaction between layers. For instance, a reduction in the systems of welfare services could lead to adverse effects which may hinder people getting access to adequate housing hence influencing their health. Sex, gender, and health. It has been believed that sex instead of gender determines the health of the individuals. In this case, in most countries, the life expectancy of men is lower as compared to that of females and the same case is expected to continue (Raphael, 2011). However, in the recent days, the disadvantages on male have become significantly less as compared to before. For instance in Wales and England, between 1970 and 2003, the life expectancy of the male has increased by four years whereas the life expectancy of the women has increased by only three years (Mogford, Gould DeVoght, 2010). Therefore, given the assumption that women are biologically advantaged regarding the life expectancy, this assumption can be challenged. The changes can be attributed to various factors such as the improved healthcare services as a result of improved healthcare re system. Also, many men have been educated on the dangers of different lifestyles which should endanger their lifes hence the ir life expectancy has increased. Inequalities and disparities exist between various groups in the society. The main reason for this inequality is an uneven distribution of the resources specifically based on the allocation norms which favor specific groups of persons. The difference in allocation of the resources in the society is brought about by the factors such as sexual orientation, kinship, age, ethnicity, health care, the source of wealth, political representation, education as well as the freedom of speech among other factors (Baum et al., 2013). The social inequality that is associated with the economic inequality is based on the unequal distribution of the wealth and income. In as much as economics and sociology use varied terms theoretical techniques to assess and describe the economic inequality, both fields are more concerned with the understanding of this issue. Due to the uneven distribution of the resources in the society, it leads to some people having more resources while others having none or less. This creates a scenario of social class within a society where those that are favored in terms of resource distribution are prioritized in terms of service delivery as compared to those that are resource poor. Social inequality is fashioned by various factors that are structural which comprise the geographical location or the status of the population which is mainly underpinned by cultural identities and discourses (Embrett Randall, 2014). For instance whether the poor are undeserving or deserving. In societies that are simple, those people that have few social responsibilities as well as statuses that are occupied by its members, they could be lower social inequality and vice versa. However, in the societies that are tribal, the head of the tribe may enjoy some privileges, use some instruments where others do not have. This causes social inequality. Another reason that has led to the social disparity and inequality in the society is the increased complexity of the society. In this case, when the population lives in the complex societies rather than the simple societies, the level of inequality tends to increase in line with the increasing gap between the wealthy and the poor members of t he society. The number of the older adults that utilizes health care services are more as compared to the younger populations. In as much as the number of the older adults differs widely concerning the status of health, most of them have at least one chronic condition which necessitates them to seek medical attention (Beltran, et al., 2011). Further, the older adults differ regarding the demographic features which result in variation in their needs for using the health services (Townsend Foster, 2013). The projection for the utilization of the healthcare services such as Medicaid and Medicare suffers a limitation though the overall projections show that the health care service demand among the older adults will significantly rise in the coming years. This will, therefore, put more pressure on the healthcare services such as Medicaid and the Medicare budgets as well as the capability of the healthcare workers to deliver those services. Averagely, the older adults visit offices of the physicians twice more than people below 65 years every year. The reason for the frequent visit of the older adults is the fact that most of them have chronic conditions or for pre or post-surgery visit which is not the case with the younger population. However, the older adults are less likely to seek preventative care as compared to the young adults (Potvin, 2012). Some of the chronic conditions that affect the older adults and make them regular users of the healthcare services include hypertension, diabetes, cancer, heart disease and joint problems. Most of them, therefore, tend to seek medical attention form the health care providers. Due to these visits, it helps in the improvement of the health outcome of the older adults since the healthcare services offer them the best opportunity to find appropriate care form different healthcare facilities. The older adults are particularly vulnerable as they move between different types of care. Since there is no proper coordination among the healthcare providers in different environments, this can lead to the care fragmentation which therefore places the older adults at high risk for duplication or absence of the required services that would address the condition at hand. The vulnerability also increases due to stress which is due to the movement from one facility to another in search of the care (Koh et al., 2010). The changes in medication as a result of facility change lead to adverse effects of drugs which will lead the transition of care form the hospital setting to the long-term care setting such as the nursing home or the private home settings (Barton Grant, 2013). Also, there are instances of incomplete procedure during discharge from the hospitals which may be associated with the re-hospitalization that is unnecessary (Jinks, Ong O'Neill, 2010). Further, this kind of care f ragmentation may be due to the poor coordination between the care providers who care for the older adults in different environmental settings hence increasing the failure to meet the standards of care quality. The health care services have ensured that the older adults have access to wide variety of healthcare services. This includes the provision of the appropriate drugs that help in treating their chronic conditions. In this case, the medical services foot out some bills for the older adults who consume most of the over the counter medications. Some of these medications that are widely used by the older adults include the anti-hypertension, drugs for cholesterol control, pain relief and drugs for the control and treatment of the heart diseases. Some of this medication have become cheaper to the older adults since the costs are shared with the healthcare services hence can better improve their health outcomes (Sheiham et al., 2011). However, the availability of the drugs over the counter has increased resistance in various diseases such as bacterial which have increased the risk of the older adults but the adverse effects are outweighed by the significance of the healthcare services. Ther efore, healthcare services have helped to improve the health quality of the older adults. Conclusion The existence of the health inequalities are unfair practices and avoidable in health status between groups of communities and individuals. The health of individuals are determined by our lifestyle, genetics, the care we receive as well as the wider determinants. These are also influenced by our social, physical as well as environment comprising employment, education as depicted by Dahlgren and Whitehead model. 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